100 ABSTRACT 2 200 INTRODUCTION 3 AIMS What do you intend to do? What are your aims or objectives? Have you developed your hypothesis? PRIOR WORK What prior research has been done on your topic? What are the strengths and shortcomings of prior research? JUSTIFICATION Why should this research be undertaken? Will it advance knowledge/understanding? Will it have useful outcomes? what is my role in this TIMELINE/APPROVALS How will your research project progress? How long will it take to complete? Are approvals required and, if so, how will they be accommodated? ?? its power is that it articulates a different world - so theres a challenge that different understandings are possible Normal’s infiltration of Australian Aboriginal linguistic practices is evident from pre-federation when our languages were at full strength. Lexicon compilations were a standard practice for Colonisers to both acquaint themselves with the new lands and to “things to be classified and ordered according to predetermined registers and ideas, separate from their living contexts” (Davis, 2013). By the time our words were of interest to those utilising fairer and inclusive practices, it was under the notion that our voices were dying, such as the 1964 establishment of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS, 2023). - the language used to tell the stories in archives matters a great deal because English has been key to establishing Western thinking and histories. Those of us interested in building decolonial digital archives ask: How can digital libraries, scholars, and indigenous communities advance a decolonial vision of society—a vision that begins with the epistemologies of peoples and that features story, place, meaning, and perseverance (were these someone else's words) why are we bothering x the Yuwaalaraay geography inland north of NSW Gamilaraay .. Tamworth, Gunnedah, Coonabarabran, Narrabri, Moree, Pilliga, Toomelah–Boggabilla and Collarenebri Yuwaalaraay .. further west including Goodooga, Lightning Ridge, and Walgett. liberties IN THE REST OF THIS ARTICLE YUWAALARAAY WILL BE USED TO REFER TO BOTH YUWAALARAAY AND YUWAALAYAAY SINCE THERE IS VERY LITTLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE DIALECTS relation to other languages Yuwaalaraay and Gamilaraay closely related both share many features with other Central NSW languages (Austin, Williams & Wurm, 1980) – Wangaaybuwan and Wayilwan (these two are also known as Ngiyambaa) and Wiradjuri 60 hrs of yuwaalaraay tapes held at aiatsis practical applications, x x Language and Thought LINGUISTIC DETERMINATION The strongest form of the Sapir– Whorf hypothesis, which holds that the language we speak establishes how we perceive and think about the world. seen to be false STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE INFLUENCES HOW ITS SPEAKERS PERCEIVE THE WORLD AROUND THEM #B00023 and it also influences how others hear their language and judge their levels of knowledge e.g. English .. there's a red car, if someone said look car red, what we make of their level of intelligence SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS THE NOTION, ASSOCIATED IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD WITH WORK BY THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR BENJAMIN WHORF AND PROGRAMMATIC STATEMENTS BY EDWARD SAPIR, THAT THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE LANGUAGE THAT A PERSON SPEAKS EITHER DETERMINES OR LIMITS THE WAYS IN WHICH THEY ARE ABLE TO FORM CONCEPTIONS OF THE WORLD IN WHICH THEY LIVE HUMAN BEINGS DO NOT LIVE IN THE OBJECTIVE WORLD ALONE, NOR IN THE WORLD OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY AS ORDINARILY UNDERSTOOD, BUT ARE VERY MUCH AT THE MERCY OF THE PARTICULAR LANGUAGE WHICH HAS BECOME THE MEDIUM OF EXPRESSION FOR THEIR SOCIETY … WE SEE AND HEAR AND OTHERWISE EXPERIENCE VERY LARGELY AS WE DO BECAUSE THE LANGUAGE HABITS OF OUR COMMUNITY PREDISPOSE CERTAIN CHOICES OF INTERPRETATION. LINGUISTIC RELATIVISM A weaker form of the Sapir– Whorf hypothesis, which holds that different languages encode different categories, and that speakers of different languages therefore think about the world in different ways. Speakers of languages that are poor in their number of colour words, for example, will be less sensitive to gradiations of colour. https://arts-sciences.buffalo.edu/linguistics/about/what-is-linguistics.html Yuwaalaraay Euahlayi Eurahlari Euayelai Eualeyai Ualarai Yuwaaliyaay Yuwallarai Muruwari Murawari Murawarri Murrawarri Databases national library of australiahttps://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-022-01738-whttps://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/library-archive-open-research-services/archives/decolonising-archives ??how has participation in decolonising history practices, strengthened Aboriginal identityhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059799116630660#:~:text=All%20four%20modes%20of%20yarning,and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20women. #B00573 Klapproth ==conduct literature review== practices of non-indigenous language researchers blah blah blah REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE ==identify researchable topics== blah blah blah ==formulate research questions== blah blah blah ==devise plan for answering research questions== blah blah blah ==What effect / what are the experiences does participation in decolonising research methodologies have on individual aboriginal identity THE RESEARCH EMERGING IN THE PROFESSION You should limit the direct evaluation of your research findings to comparisons with similar research and research methodologies. Direct comparisons with other research that is not similar in methodology might lead to misleading understandings of the importance or significance of your findings. https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/4539632 the most common type of intervention strategy found in a review of the published literature was in reading the literature there did not appear to be any ??specifically targeting present Yuwalaray/Aboriginal people utilsing the decolonisation of their historical records as a ???? the few conceptual frameworks presented, preliminary empirical evidence suggests that interventions targetingempowerment could be particularly effective in reducing intro why is the topic important more and more abs expected to participate what is the purpose of this review / what this paper will cover ==clear thesis statement== .. why are you including what you are what are you addressing? what are you searching the literature to discover? what aspects of the topic will be discussed what criteria was used for literature selection ==outline of clear arguments== ==organisational pattern of the review== chronological development? from the ethics application? historical context? what are the key arguments that have started to appear body: this is your own conceptual map of topic ==supported by relevant and credible sources who in the world has either done the same research you propose, research of a similar topic, or that no one has ever done research on what you propose show that your work is either totally new and closes a gap in knowledge, or contributes new information to accepted knowledge on a topic what has been written about research, so you can contribute to existing understanding of field within five years of publication how relevant is this to my area of study maybe using a matrix written from particular standpoint how to assess read the abstract, introduction, and conclusions first If you are already familiar with key authors in your field, you might also want to read the list of references help you to see if anything more recent is used there than what you already have You will then be able to determine if the source is relevant and worthy of inclusion focuses only on reviewing literature that supports hypothesis look for arguments presented rather than facts not much on how study was conducted but the rationale behind the study What are the key terms and concepts? How relevant is this article to my specific topic? How has the author structured the arguments? How authoritative and credible is this source? What are the differences and similarities between the sources? Are there any gaps in the literature that require further study? ==indepth clear and relevant analysis and critique each paragraph deals with different theme changes over time? historical background explored methodologies / theories / hypotheses / models methodological issues that may affect findings that may affect how people report, i.e. don't want to harm any future opportunities for community previous studies on topic mainstream versus alternative viewpoints principle questions being asked what are the major relationships, trends and patterns discussed the varying viewpoints? your ideas, insights, observations and research on their viewpoints do authors agree or disagree analyse strengths and weaknesses of arguments critical gaps disagreements relationships between publications general conclusions that are being drawn what is evidence and what is an argument limitations that affect study's validity how findings contradict/support hypothesis conclusion bring all literature together and point to main argument what is main argument any new information found ==any gaps etc you could follow up ==main agreements and disagreements ==your overall perspective on topic other no duplication all jargon is explained easily followed reference list and style within paper, studies are listed in alpha order description of studies are in past tense pages are numbered line spacing is easy to read assessment file name as per instructions do not copy and paste entire sentences and passages from bibliography must have analysis 2 500 words presentation of your own organisation and understanding of the literature you are aware of existing literature on current research gaps & debates within it The selection of available documents (both published and unpublished) on the topic, which contain information, ideas and evidence selection is written from a particular standpoint to fulfill certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is to be investigated The effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed that you understand your field understanding current context of field most important bit related to your research discussion of theories that underpin your research how different theorists have done it before introduces relevant terminology and developing definitions that you define, and how others have defined how your work extends or challenges related research or addresses a gap provides supporting evidence for practical problem or issue which your research is addressing critically analyse to determine how to put that particular piece of research into context what 'side of the fence' prominent authors in your field sit on who is well known in the area where are the patterns and rhythms in the various arguments enables you, the researcher, to demonstrate your scholarly ability to identify relevant information and to outline existing knowledge identify debates in current researh identify relevant information that will support your statements and arguments identify the ‘gap’ in the research that your study will address position your work in the context of existing research evaluate, analyse, and synthesise the information in line with the questions that you have set for your research produce a justification for your study. • demonstrates that you are aware of the existing literature, its gaps, and the debates that may exist within it participation + research participatory + research Ganter, E. (2016). Reluctant representatives : Blackfella bureaucrats speak in Australia’s North. ANU Press. Investigators at Hunter New England Local Health District Target Transcultural Nursing (Meaningful Engagement With Aboriginal Communities Using Participatory Action Research to Develop Culturally Appropriate Health Resources) (p. 2069–). (2020). NewsRX LLC. processes used to meaningfully and authentically engage Australian Aboriginal communities in Northern New South Wales, Australia, to develop culturally appropriate stroke health resources. Participatory action research using the research topic yarning framework is a collaborative, culturally safe way to uncover vital information and concepts .. There were two stages in the participatory action research project: community engagement and evaluation of the processes involved in developing the localised, culturally appropriate health resources. Establishing relationships built on trust, mutual sharing of knowledge, and bringing together the wider community, enabled the health message to be embedded within the community, ensuring the message was culturally appropriate and sustainable." McNamara, K. E., & McNamara, J. P. (2011). Using Participatory Action Research to Share Knowledge of the Local Environment and Climate Change: Case Study of Erub Island, Torres Strait. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 40(January 2011), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajie.40.30 ==changes in guidelines, say 2012 aiatsis edition and now Further Reading Franklin, M. (2008). Quantitative Analysis in (eds.) Della Porta, D. and Keating, M. Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 240-262. Murray, R. (2011). Seeking Structure, in Murray R. How to Write a Thesis, Open University Press, 3rd Edition, pp.117-150. This book is available as an e-book from the CDU Library. Hough, B. Marriott, J. and Bouma, G. (1995), updated (2008). The Nuts and Bolts of Producing and Presenting a Good Thesis. Excerpts from Style Guide for the Writing of an Honours Dissertation, available from School of Political and Social Inquiry, Faculty of Arts, Monash University. WritingSkills(1).pdf WritingSkills(1).pdf - Alternative Formats Other An exploratory study of the factors that promote Indigenous and non-Indigenous member's participation in Australian Men's Sheds https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Participation Peyman Abkhezr WHEN WE EXPLORE LIVED EXPERIENCE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH, PARTICIPANTS TELL US ABOUT SOME ASPECTS OF THEIR LIFE IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY MAY HAVE NEVER TOLD SOMEONE BEFORE HAVE YOU BEEN CURIOUS ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF YOUR DESIGNED RESEARCH PROCEDURES ON PARTICIPANTS LIVES HAVE YOU WONDERED HOW TO DO RESEARCH ON THE IMPACTS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPATION ANSWERED sibonelo blose https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-015-0046-1 LIMITATIONS FOR BLENDING ABORIGINAL AND WESTERN TREATMENTS COULD INCLUDE THE RISK OF CONTINUING TO OPPRESS ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND KNOWLEDGE THUS, THE WAY IN WHICH APPROACHES ARE BLENDED AND FACILITATED MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE VALUES, PRACTICES, AND BELIEFS OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN A WAY THAT IS RESPECTFUL AND INCLUSIVE. IN ADDITION, MANY RESEARCHERS AND TREATMENT PROVIDERS MADE STATISTICAL GENERALIZATIONS BY TREATING ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AS IF THEY WERE ONE LARGE GROUP WITHOUT RECOGNIZING THEIR DIVERSITIES .. IN ORDER TO AVOID THIS RISK, CLINICIANS AND RESEARCHERS MUST RECOGNIZE THAT EACH GROUP OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES HAVE CULTURAL CONCEPTS THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO THAT PARTICULAR GROUP According to Gagne [17], intergenerational trauma is the transmission of historical oppression and its negative consequences across generations historical trauma, cumulative trauma, soul wound, intergenerational trauma experienced by more than one generation becomes institutionalized within the family and community [18] Two-Eyed Seeing refers to learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledge and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of Western knowledge and ways of knowing. Two-Eyed Seeing then encourages the use of both these eyes together, for the benefit of all [26] many Aboriginal Elders referred to the symptoms of trauma as spiritual injuries, soul sickness, soul wounding, or ancestral hurt, and encouraged clients through their teachings to use traditional medicines and healing to heal the soul [20].
As I have progressed through Assumptions that people make when they are reading history Assumptions made by white people about aboriginal people o Questioning complicity Added complexity of data being a different language Semantics or definition used in favour of Pragmatics or meaning gayrr ngaya djijidan (my name is jedison) yinaa Yuwaalaraay Muruwari ngaya (i am a Yuwaalaraay and Muruwari woman) wuu-nhi-baa ngaya yinarr-baa (aboriginality is my inheritance) ngaya dhuwi dhurra-li gaay-biyaay, girruu-biyaay ngayagay gaay guwaa-lda-ndaay (i express my identity with words, truth and storytelling) waan ngaya dhayndalmuu narrative gaay wuu-na dhayn-gu gaay-a gamil guwaa-y (my work as a narrative counsellor gives voice to peoples stories that have not been told) As an Australian English speaker, reading the previous translated paragraph of Yuwaalaaray may have felt odd. It is not accepted practice in Australian English to start words with “ng” or not signify the end of a sentence with a symbol. It may also appear to have too many words or not enough words for this to be a direct translation, this is because the semantic structure of Yuwaalaraay is very different from Australian English. Also, some words have just never existed in Yuwaalaraay, like inheritance and narrative. As a nation, we modern Yuwaalaraay are often confronted with profound differences in the ontological configuration of the worlds which we speak, and in which we need to find ways of both working together and keeping separate. Nesterenko (2018). “Historical narrative cannot be true or false, it can only be consistent or inconsistent with the source” And it is in Nesterenko’s words that in this research, I look for the past to be re-opened. Holloway-Clarke (2024) The reality is that difference is not a measure of better or worse, just different For instance, many modern Yuwaalaraay language materials originated from collections made a century ago, like The Euahlayi Tribe: a study of Aboriginal life in Australia by K. Langloh Parker (1905). Like many sources, the book was recorded through the eyes of Coloniser assumptions that may or may not have understood the Yuwaalaraay context at the time, so A single statement can affect an individual very differently depending on how it is showcased, delivered and the relationship the individual has with the person or the institution. For example, if I was yarning with an Aboriginal Australian about their capacity to study, our dialogue might lead to a parental expectation of failure because influence of failure, geography, family, culture, generation etc. There is a face, events, relationships, tangible stuff to question. It feels safe to ask how they were recruited into that idea, what was going on that fed that seed, what are the facts that don’t support that assumption. Even if there were historical influences such as Exclusion on Demand which in the early 1900’s excluded Aboriginal children from state schools?? or the 1909 Aborigines Protection Act (Reynolds, 2009) which gave the State powers to remove Aboriginal children??, we can break it down and view those lawmakers as human, reflective of the time and influenced by personal misconceptions. #nextRead 400 THEORIES 5 - - what is critical theory https://researchmethod.net/grounded-theory/ Barriyay is spawn from Constructivism, where reality is formed rather than fixed. What attracts to me to Constructivism is the embracing of change. There is so much to consider in a person's experience and as more is known "people make new meanings as they develop" #B00571 . They are empowered from the enabling of exploration, encouragement of exploring questions and the recognition that the relationship is a collaborative partnership rather than an expert matching a diagnosis. In Barriyay, as in Constructivism, I the Therapist am no expert, I am the Allie. Barriyay also relies on the recognition of Politics, that is the principles and/or tactics maneuvered to keep a story ‘told’. Rivers #B00572 goes so far as condemning the power of politics in not only limiting the story, but also the scale of questions and Questioners. To avoid this, it is imperative that in Barriyay a variety of questions is utilised to expose as many observations as possible. Allow me to illustrate this through [Acmenas](20280829%20PHDDDframe%2007%20APPLICATIONS.md#Acmena) experience taking your cues from the places that you are institution: place and its practices and its authority and its people fixed considerations and flexible considerations decision points co-=designing with recipients how is theory used in the phd i.e. constructivist grounded theory different ways of debating the need - https://quizlet.com/240973881/communication-theory-chapter-35-flash-cards/ - COLONIAL PRACTICES DO RESEARCH TO PARTICIPANTS - WITHOUT THEM HAVING A SAY IN HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED, NO INPUT INTO THE PROCESSES OR QUESTIONS ASKED - LIVES ARE ACCURATELY PORTRAYED AND RECORDED - PROVIDING ADDITIONAL INSIGHT INTO FIRST NATIONS WAYS OF BEING, DOING AND KNOWING - YARNING - STORYTELLING - ALLOWS FOR REFLECTION ON RECENT OR PAST HISTORIES AND LIVED EXPERIENCES AND SHARING KNOWLEDGE - WHERE EACH OF THEM IS FROM - PEOPLE THEY KNOW IN COMMON - THEIR CONNECTION TO THE PLACE ON WHICH THEY MEET There are a few glimpses in the text where you allude to how practices associated with producing objective knowledge leave no room for contestation or reconsideration. Indeed, this is why you need a method like the Barriyay Framework - What you are doing, is NOT hiding the practices and categorisations of your knowledge work. They are in the open, and they are done locally and collectively. I think an important part of the final thesis will be you reflecting on the character of these collaborations, involving texts and people as knowledge work (or as Indigenous research that goes beyond the point where others stop and actually considers the institutions stabilising Normal knowledge claims and how to re-vision these in the light of alternate practices claiming your own Yuwaalaraay stories) - accumulated knowing - three photos together are a set called GATHERING KNOWLEDGE with connection, transparency and passion being the individual titles - Indigenous Research is gathering, it does not find new but brings forward what has always been. It requires PASSION to push past the wounds and not get lost in accusation and retribution, TRANSPARENCY to fairly steer the exploration of methods that facilitate that kind of becoming, and CONNECTION to unlock what is of use for all of us to know rather than speak on anyone's behalf. As an Indigenous Researcher, I am louder, I am less afraid. • Community consultation will be sought prior to seeking Investigators • All Investigators will be over the age of 18 • People may participate in groups or as an individual and can change their choice • Contact details for counselling and after care will be available • As per Hobajing Narrative Practice Policy, each Investigator will be known by a tree alias to ensure both confidentiality and so all their contributions and concerns can be considered together. • People may withdraw from the project at any time. The Tree alias ensures that all their original contributions can be located and removed without stress to the Investigator • All notes, audio or other will be available to all [and only] participants on a web portal, not connected to any alias. Information will be printed for those who prefer hardcopy • Emails and/or text will be sent to advise that new data has been added to the portal • Any future use of the material will first seek discussion with each individual Investigator • Any influence of power or conflict of interest on my part as Researcher and a Euhalari woman will be monitored reading https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/ethical-research/code-ethics counselling supports #B00557 bibli:: #B00558 what is relevant when researchers identify with participants they are researching where her own objectivity was being compromised vicarious trauma protocol cultural protocols I seek direction from the Elders first up, establishing whether knowledge etc should be used, before getting permission to use it in accordance with agreed protocols. For example, I write and record many online employment programs and use my Yuwaalaraay language in place of English as much as possible when referring to Mental Health Issues. I know that even if I am comfortable with certain wording, I have to go and check with others to ensure that different meanings won’t be associated. read information on the CDU Human Ethics Applications page ethics - shape relationship trust mutual responsibility ethical equality driving and talking to communities so it benefitted community, outcome i assist training Decolonising research claims that there is a respect, not present western methodologies, where the views of people participating are heard I would applaud the ‘respect for the person what benefits are expected for participants specific theories or approaches used rationales for particular methods and activities you use what might be expected to change for the client as a result of their participation what behaviour or attitude was influenced , what knowledge and skills you hope participants will learn, or what aspect of the participants' lives you are hoping to improve. Prior to meeting with you, I will have explored the outcomes of Indigenous Research that you participated in, in the past. Then, as part of a yarning circle, we’ll talk through some prompts with other participants about our feelings of cultural strength. The research will happen at one location in Sydney and other participants may be attending live using the Zoom platform. With your consent, I would like to audio-record the yarn so I can match up with my written notes later on. Your participation will be unpaid as there is no research grant associated with this project. After a review of our yarn, I will contact you, at least twice by phone, to ensure that the information I recorded, truly reflects your knowledge and feelings. conducting researching with other Yuwaalaraay people about the collection by Colinisers of our ancestors data focus group research that is of benefit to the community help to shape that relationship [between participants and researchers] as one of trust, mutual responsibility and ethical equality targeted desktop-based analysis of the existing literature on your topic and then conduct a small field research project (e.g. conduct a few interviews) to confirm/refute/problematize/add new findings All research, including secondary data, that could have a potential impact on First Nations people research requires full HREC review. In accordance with the national guidelines, the CDU-HREC requires the establishment of an agreement between researchers and relevant Peoples and communities for all First Nations research, prior to seeking ethical clearance .. can use template agreement .. and read faqs The ISP should be written in terms suitable for the intended audience, should include contact details of the researcher(s), the ethics team as well as any appropriate local, organisational or supervisory contacts. As far as possible, institutional email/phone contacts should be used for any correspondence associated with the project and ISP and consent forms should have appropriate institutional branding http://brand.cdu.edu.au/ in real life there is an annual/final report form .. https://www.cdu.edu.au/research-and-innovation/research-ethics-and-integrity/human-ethics-applications More templates are available from the CDU HREC site. https://www.cdu.edu.au/research-and-innovation/support-and-services/integrity-quality-and-ethics/human-research-ethics You will need to demonstrate that your project is Indigenous-led, supported by relevant Peoples and communities, and is of benefit to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Chambers et al build upon the previous entry’s contribution to understanding the success, and not, of decolonising methodologies. Again by reviewing available literature, Authors use the term ’tensions’ to describe disparities between Indigenous and non Indigenous research processes with findings bearing specifically on enquiry, language and relationships with literature. “Qualitative Health Research” is a peer reviewed publication aimed at research in healthcare settings for an academic audience. Conceptualising your research project and thinking about the ethics application Your research project can take different forms; all are equally valid. Perhaps you are interested in conducting a desktop-based analysis on your topic and making recommendations for future research avenues based on your findings. Another option is to conduct a targeted desktop-based analysis of the existing literature on your topic and then conduct a small field research project (e.g. conduct a few interviews) to confirm/refute/problematize/add new findings. You can also use your ongoing creative practice as the case study and base your project around it. All of these designs can produce interesting findings and (if you are interested) lay the foundation for future research. Your project should be manageable (considering other classes you may be taking/your workload, other commitments outside of your studies), small and focused. This is particularly important if you are proposing a fieldwork component to collect information. The fieldwork will have to fit in with all of your other commitments and you will need to set aside time for writing up, analyzing and integrating the data in your final thesis. While some students have successfully done this, others decided to concentrate on a desktop-based analysis and leave the fieldwork component for their next degree. In another journal centred on ageing, this article’s value lies in it’s use of previously collected data and the attempt to set up an equal research partnership. Funnell et al, all health researchers, adapted CBPR methodologies to work within a partnership agreement along the principle of “two eyed seeing” (a concept that is revisited in literature mentioned below) where there is no distinct better way but rather all views are considered equal. This form of “respectful engagement” is a necessary component of Indigenous Research Methodologies and Fuller et al have us seeing this in real time practice, allowing any measurement of Indigenous participation will need to ensure that it was present. The Canadian Journal on Aging is peer reviewed. comfort of coresearchers will any historical trauma come up ethics is about safety of conversation minya:: #phdddmethods time frame specific group of actors .. yuwaalaraay particular event .. white writing on focus on nominated elements .. interpretation nominate 1 to 2 case studies .. brieftly point to xisting literautre, i.e. how argument here is going to be supported field tha topic falls in to speicific part of filed that research explores why topic is of interest and important how proposed research will contribute how will it benefit community central questions 4-5 sub questions .. how to approach central question specific and answerable how question will advance contribution argument you construct should not be a foregone conclusion, i.e. let the research sway your argument • how saturated is the research on your proposed topic already • analytical not narrative, how/why, not yes/no • need to explain precisely what you intend to study about the area SCOPING • time frame .. 1999-2019; 1938-1950); • specific group of actors (an organization, group of people, institution) • particular event relevant to the field • focusing on nominated elements of the topic • nominating 1-2 case studies. Go to the CDU Library thesis collection held in https://researchers.cdu.edu.au/en/studentTheses/ BROAD TOPIC SET OF KEY QUESTIONS Federation: how to heal the dis-ease Barriyay is more than truth-telling , such as Aboriginal Participatory Action Research, Sharing Circles, limited to studies in this 21st century. means to an end: something you do in order to achieve something else A means to an end: (what are the) effects on Aboriginal identity, Ancestoral relationship and Cultural resilience from participating in decolonising research Much was written about the Australian Aboriginal population's initial response to federation/colonisation but the Colonist lens left those scratchings far from complete. Modern re-examinations with an Indigenous lens has acknowledged the absence in original stories of exploitation, genocide and resistance. Now commonly known as "truth telling", this act of honest acknowledgement has helped Aboriginal healing by not only recognising that lies that were told, but that previous labelled acts of Aboriginal compliance were actually forceful unique responses taken by our ancestors to survive. As a woman born of Yuwaalaraay and Scottish parents in 1968, my parents, grandparents and siblings displayed unconventional survival techniques to ensure the family remained safe. My history combined with skills in Narrative Therapy, place me in a position to locate strengths and recognise unique outcomes. ??how do Aboriginal partipants feel after being involved in decolonising research benefits who will it transform effect on personhood identity relationship ancestors resilience Deborah Prior (2007) in reference to the medical setting, talked of how the increase of “awareness in cultural differences that distinguish Indigenous peoples” wasn’t transferring into measurable changes in the Research arena. Her study examined traditional research methods and presented decolonising alternatives. There was a lot of talk at this time about decolonising research methodologies, but it’s application was not yet of use to the disciplined. Many studies then reviewed the success (and not) of participants in decolonising methodologies including enquiry and language, for example Chambers et al (2018) and in how to better measure indigenous input (Braun et al, 2014). This ‘respectful engagement’ has even begun to be applied to previous historial studies (Funnell et al (2020). The decolonising idealogy progressed beyond ‘respecting people’ and continued Prior’s path on better methods of collection and collaboration, i.e. Blodgett et al (2011) with vignettes, Ray (2021) with ‘Two Eye Seeing’ blending Western and Indigenous methodologies with equal standing, and Trout et al’s (2018) Learning Circles. Brush et al (2020) focusing on the indicators of a long term partnership in Community Based Participatory Research. Thus, the new name of “Participatory research” began to emerge. When Indigenous methodologies began to become a requirement rather than a choice, e.g. AIATSIS (2020) , studies fanned out to new areas such as examining how these new knowledge exchanges could affect the data (Fraser, 2018. how specific Aboriginal Cohorts could contribute (Scrine et al, 2022) and specific evaluation of outcomes for Indigenous Communities as a result of participating in studies (Muir and Dean, 2017). Though it is positive and promising that research is being influenced by the Indigenous research lens, there is a lack of documented perspectives from the view of the individual participant. Kluttz, Walker and Walter’s (2021) included the notion in their outlook on transformative learning achieved from participatory social action, as did Trout et al (2018) when looking at empowering individuals in addition to communities for action. This study will look directly at the individual’s experience of participation in research using an Indigenous Methodology and like Nightingale and Richmond (2022) will expolore their perception of their involvement in direct relation to their feelings of Identity and Cultural Resilience. Unsure if References were required here?? Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) (2020). A Guide to Applying the AIATSIS Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research. AIATSIS. 10. Chambers, L. A., Jackson, R., Worthington, C., Wilson, C. L., Tharao, W., Greenspan, N. R., Masching, R., Pierre- Pierre, V., Mbulaheni, T., Amirault, M., Brownlee, P. (2018). Decolonizing Scoping Review Methodologies for Literature With, for, and by Indigenous Peoples and the African Diaspora: Dialoguing With the Tensions. Qual Health Res. Jan;28(2):175-188.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049732317743237 Dudgeon et al (2017) was the first study I was exposed to, that specifically measured the impact of Indigenous participation in research Blodgett, A. T., Schinke, R. J., Smith, B., Peltier, D., & Pheasant, C. (2011). In Indigenous Words: Exploring Vignettes as a Narrative Strategy for Presenting the Research Voices of Aboriginal Community Members. Qualitative Inquiry, 17(6), 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800411409885 Braun, K. L., Browne, C. V., Ka’opua, L. S., Kim, B. J., & Mokuau, N. (2014). Research on indigenous elders: from positivistic to decolonizing methodologies. The Gerontologist, 54(1), 117–126.https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt067 Brush, B. L., Mentz, G., Jensen, M., Jacobs, B., Saylor, K. M., Rowe, Z., Israel, B. A., & Lachance, L. (2020). Success in Long-Standing Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Partnerships: A Scoping Literature Review. Health Education & Behavior, 47(4), 556–568.https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119882989 Dudgeon, P., Bray, A., D'costa, B., & Walker, R. (2017). Decolonising Psychology: Validating Social and Emotional Wellbeing. Australian Psychologist, 52(4), 316-325.https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12294Roz Fraser, S. L. (2018). What stories to tell? A trilogy of methods used for knowledge exchange in a community-based participatory research project. Action Research (London, England),16(2), 207–222.https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750316680722 Funnell, S., Tanuseputro, P., Letendre, A., Bearskin, L. B., & Walker, J. (2020). “Nothing About Us, without Us.”: How Community-Based Participatory Research Methods Were Adapted in an Indigenous End-of-Life Study Using Previously Collected Data. Canadian Journal on Aging, 39(2), 145–155. Kluttz, J., Walker, J., & Walter, P. (2021). Learning towards decolonising relationships at standing rock. Studies in the Education of Adults, 53(1), 101–119.https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2020.1807891 Muir, S., & Dean, A. (2017). Evaluating the outcomes of programs for Indigenous families and communities. Family matters, 56. Nightingale, E., & Richmond, C. (2022). Reclaiming Land, Identity and Mental Wellness in Biigtigong Nishnaabeg Territory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7285.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127285 Prior D. Decolonising research: a shift toward reconciliation. Nurs Inq. 2007 Jun;14(2):162-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440- 1800.2007.00361.x. PMID: 17518828. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2007.00361.x Scrine, C., Farrant, B., Michie, C., Shepherd, C., & Wright, M. (2022). Implementing genuine participatory action research with Aboriginal Elders: The Ngulluk Koolunga Ngulluk Koort project. Action Research (London, England), 20(2), 144–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750320932974 Trout, L., McEachern, D., Mullany, A., White, L., & Wexler, L. (2018). Decoloniality as a Framework for Indigenous Youth Suicide Prevention Pedagogy: Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide. _American Journal of Community Psychology, 62(3-4), 396–405.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12293 NARRATIVE THERAPY x FIRST, MORE THAN BEING A TECHNIQUE, NARRATIVE IS AN ATTITUDE—AN ATTITUDE OF ACCEPTANCE AND APPRECIATION FOR THE CLIENT, AS WELL AS AN ATTITUDE OF SKEPTICISM TOWARD SYSTEMS OF MEANING THAT MAYHAVE THE CLIENT TRAPPED. QUESTIONS ARE INTENDED TO GENERATE EXPERIENCES THAT ARE THERAPEUTIC IN AND OF THEMSELVES. William C. Madsen, “Inviting New Stories: Narrative Ideas in Family-Centered Services,” Journal of Systemic Therapies 18, no.3 (1999): 7. NARRATIVES ORGANIZE OUR FIELD OF EXPERIENCE, PROMOTING SELECTIVE ATTENTION TO PARTICULAR EVENTS AND EXPERIENCES, AND SELECTIVE INATTENTION TO OTHER EVENTS AND EXPERIENCES. IN THIS WAY, MUCH OF OUR LIVED EXPERIENCE GOES UNSTORIED, IT’S OBSCURED AND PHENOMENOLOGICALLY DOES NOT EXIST. PARTICULAR NARRATIVES CAN BECOME PROBLEMATIC WHEN THEY CONSTRAIN US FROM NOTICING OR ATTENDING TO EXPERIENCES THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE BE QUITE USEFUL TO US - HOWEVER, THE EVALUATION OF NARRATIVE THERAPY’S EFFECTIVENESS IS STILL IN ITS INFANCY. review of literature from the last five years only ??? - IN THE WORDS OF PAOLO BERTRANDO, “REALITY MUST BE CONSIDERED AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION, I.E. REALITIES ARE BUT THE CONVERSATIONS WE HAVE ABOUT THEM, AND THEREFORE ALL VIEWS ARE A CONSEQUENCE OF LANGUAGE: EVERY THEORY AND EVERY SYSTEM OF IDEAS IS MERELY A NARRATIVE.” Paolo Bertrando, “Text and Context: Narrative, Postmodern and Cybernetics,” Journal of Family Therapy 22, no. 1 (2000): 83. - power of the narrative - ==THIS IS THE HOPE OF NARRATIVE THERAPY: TO EMPLOY THE POWER OF STORY AND THE RETELLING OF STORIES IN SUCH A WAY THAT GAPS ARE FILLED AND REALITY EXPANDED. THIS IS A CONTINUAL PROCESS, FOR, AS WHITE AND EPSTON SAY, “EVERY TELLING OR RE-TELLING OF A STORY, THROUGH ITS PERFORMANCE, IS A NEW TELLING THAT ENCAPSULATES, AND EXPANDS UPON THE PREVIOUS TELLING.” 1 Michael White and David Epston, Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends (New York: Norton, 1990), 14. THE THERAPIST SEEKS TO HELP: THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE LIVES OF THESE YOUNG PEOPLE TO ENGAGE IN PRACTICES OF LANGUAGE THAT GENERATE STORIES OF LEARNING, SUCCESS, AND COMPETENCE, RATHER THAN STORIES OF DEFICIT, FAILURE, AND INCOMPETENCE. Craig Smith and David Nylund, Narrative Therapies with Children and Adolescents (New York: Guilford, 1997), 5. Given that appreciative inquiry explores and privileges the narrative as a means of making sense of the prison experience, the authors suggest it complements the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tradition of ‘yarning’. A yarning style represents a way of ensuring cultural safety, respect and the utilisation of First Peoples ontology to research conducted with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Overall, it is delineated how interfacing appreciative inquiry and yarning may provide a viable alternative to the deep colonising and perpetually oppressive use of Western modes of scholarship when engaging in research with First Peoples. Leeson, Smith, Rynne (2016) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059799116630660#:~:text=All%20four%20modes%20of%20yarning,and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20women arguing for a method of ‘research at the interface’ that utilises appreciative inquiry with culturally appropriate conversations (yarning) appreciative enquiry https://www.nirakn.edu.au/dashboard/research-methodologies-and-methods/ research method for each question or task should be identified and justified analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the selected method point to collaborative experience mutual learning in retrospect collaborative research practice continues into analysis of processes https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059799116630660#:~:text=All%20four%20modes%20of%20yarning,and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20women. There should be sufficient detail in the description of the method for the committee to be able to judge its appropriateness for the research to be undertaken. Provide an overview of the methodology and techniques you will use to conduct your research. Which materials and equipment you will use? Which theoretical frameworks will you draw on? Which method will you use to collect data? Highlight why you have chosen this particular methodology, detailing its own merits, but also why others may not have been as suitable. You need to demonstrate that you have put thought into your approach and why it's the most appropriate way to carry out your research. It should also highlight potential limitations you anticipate facing, feasibility within time and other constraints, ethical considerations and how you will address these, and general resources etc. Data Analysis will focus on patterns of alternative assumptions and themes to what the Author of the text first concluded. Methods will include conceptual and thematic analysis in an Indigenous framework, listening for privilege and power AND alternatives from the original Author perspective. Note that it is possible that a shared understanding of alternate conclusions may be reached even if the individual conclusions themselves differ. Data Collection will be through audio recordings, so as not to interfere with the flow of conversation and any written notes, with permission, of the Investigators. All information, draft and final, will be available to all Participants on the web portal. content senior elder and authorisation reinterpretation .. opening up narratives knowledge practice decolonial practice being accountable for carrying this forward heritage memory share testimony how have you come to this ??? who will it involve ADOPT A MINDSET IN WHICH YOU EMBRACE DISCUSSIONS OR INFORMATION ABOUT CULTURES—INCLUDING INFORMATION THAT DEVIATES FROM YOUR PRECONCEPTIONS OR PREFERENCES .. straight from CDU cultural brochure EMIC APPROACH: INSIDER'S PERSPECTIVE, WHICH LOOKS AT THE BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES OF A PARTICULAR CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE WITHIN THAT CULTURE assuming heterogenous not homogenous culture ONTOLOGY: BRANCH OF METAPHYSICS DEALING WITH THE NATURE OF BEING THE PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF BEING, AS WELL AS RELATED CONCEPTS SUCH AS EXISTENCE, BECOMING, AND REALITY The study uses a participatory methodology (Stille, 2015) to examine four exerts from the book The Euahlayi Tribe (Langloh Parker, 1905) using the four Barriyay Windows. This book was chosen because of its non-indigenous authorship and direct Euahlayi Nation contribution. Six Investigators will be recruited through media and community organisations within the nations, Yuwaalaaray, Muruwari, Kooma, Bigambul, Kamilaroi, Baanbinya, Wailwan that surround Bangate Station, the geographic focus of the chosen text. An Initial Co-Design Workshop will provide an introduction to the purpose of the study and an outline of the delivery idea so far. It is integral to the study that Investigators know that they are part of a co-investigative relationship with people of today about people of yesterday. A sample dissection from the book will be shared to demonstrate the Barriyay method and an updated delivery and design discussed where necessary. The remaining Research Design may change based on the outcomes of this workshop. Investigators will have had a familial relationship with a person [Co-Contributer] who had a familial relationship with an adult Euahlayi Australian alive in the geographic area between 1900 and 1930 [Contributor], and are bilingual in Yuwaalaraay and Australian English [to Highschool level], or has an interpreter where comfortable translation is possible Mid-Collaborations will include up to six focus groups over a three month period. Groups will begin with Investigators sharing life stories of their Co-Contributor and move to co-research using the Barriyay method. The last session will be a Reflection Conversation encompassing a debriefing process and an invitation to contribute to a collective document in recognition of the original Euhalari Contributors. There will also be semi-structured interviews for each individual, using open and closed questions and self rating scales to provide feedback on the process. Much was written about us (the Australian Aboriginal population) before we had a chance to participate, thus the Colonist lens left those scratchings far from complete. Modern re-examinations with an Indigenous lens has acknowledged the absence in original stories of exploitation, genocide and resistance. Now commonly known as "truth telling", this act of honest acknowledgement has helped Aboriginal healing by not only recognising that lies that were told, but that previous labelled acts of Aboriginal compliance were actually forceful unique responses taken by our ancestors to survive. These alternative methodologies have also provided frameworks for Researchers to better engage with Indigenous Participants to promote indigenous voices being heard as they are spoken, rather than words interpreted through a colonised lens. From this engagement, Researchers have been able to base studies on actual community needs, so outcomes can benefit the community and/or the Indigenous population of Australia as a whole. people always repond/resist in some way is there evidence of this in the text questions are to locate a second theme or storyline process of healing through textual analysis Aboriginal Participatory Action Research sharing Circles limited to studies in this 21st century interpretive Interpretive phenomenology analysis is the theoretical approach used for this study because it allows the researchers to explore and understand the lived experiences of participants hartleyBennington you could extend on hartley and bennington outsider witnesses talk only about where it took them narratological research #B00022 is indigenous learning connected to .. THE PARADOXICAL THEORY OF CHANGE IS PART OF GESTALT THERAPY, DEVELOPED BY LAURA AND FRIEDRICH (‘FRITZ’) PERLS IN THE 1940S AND 1950S. FELTHAM AND DRYDEN (1993: 75) DEFINE IT AS ‘A DISTINCTIVE METHOD OF COUNSELLING AND THERAPY … WHICH EMPHASISES IMMEDIACY, EXPERIENCING AND PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY’. FOR EXAMPLE, ‘CLIENTS ARE OFTEN ENCOURAGED TO ENGAGE IN DIALOGUES BETWEEN ONE PART OF THEMSELVES AND ANOTHER, THE AIM BEING TO CLARIFY INCOMPLETE UNDERSTANDING AND TO ENABLE INTEGRATION’ (FELTHAM AND DRYDEN, 1993: 75). GESTALT BASED ON PHENOMOLOGY next METHODS: IN-DEPTH SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS WITH THEMATIC ANALYSIS WERE UNDERTAKEN TO EXPLORE THE PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS EXPERIENCED BY ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER WOMEN AS THEY MANAGED THEIR CHRONIC DISEASE. AN ‘INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S STANDPOINT THEORY’ APPROACH WAS ADOPTED TO FRAME DISCUSSION. THIS APPROACH GIVES STRENGTH AND POWER TO THE VOICE OF ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER WOMEN AND THEIR DIVERSE CULTURAL LIVED EXPERIENCES. THE RAW AND OFTEN BRUTAL REALITIES THIS APPROACH EXPOSED HAD A TRIGGERING IMPACT ON THE ABORIGINAL TEAM MEMBER FOR WHOM THESE REALITIES WERE FAMILIAR. INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WITH PARTICIPANTS FROM FOUR ABORIGINAL MEDICAL SERVICES FROM URBAN, RURAL AND REMOTE AUSTRALIA. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERVIEWS, AND REFLECTION REGARDING THE RESEARCHER’S EXPERIENCES, OCCURRED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM #B00557 You’ll keep exploring the interpretive phenomenology and other relevant literature “This study will use a ground up approach…” beginning on the lands of my Euahlayi Nation, working with and being guided by other members of the language-speaking community of this place. (would it work to add this phrasing, or similar?) I really like your adoption of the term ‘investigators’ for participants. ⁃ I think you should suggest the steps in the method that you detail are indicative of the possible approach to be taken, with times, places and formats remaining responsive to the needs of the co-investigators and the project ⁃ You could add that you will also work with an auto-ethnographic approach, gathering ethnographic stories of the research process and supporting your analysis of an emergent research process in which you are also involved as a language-speaker and community member.Framework Barriyay ⁃ Is there something to add about your existing relationship and experience with this tool? Bottom pg. 3 ⁃ “By initiating the reclamation of historical scripts, this technique also provides an opportunity for Euhalari dependents to contribute alongside their Ancestors and as Investigators, present their findings, apply their contexts and re-tell their stories” ⁃ I do think there is an important implication here around Euhalari people, in the contemporary moment, finding ways of becoming the anthropologists of their own story. You are exploring what kinds of methods facilitate that kind of becoming. And it is as much to do with re-becoming knowledge authorities through being involved in a research and collaborative inquiry process, as it is about any particular outcomes. So you may want to add something about this. performative research ... exergenisis as opposed to thesis autoethnography what is ethnographic writing legitimacy of participants what is an Indigenous led process and why is it important? ==GENUINELY collaborative approach== when describing co design #task what other research has been done with yuwaalaray people what other methods have been used to revisit historical texts and or trauma utilising insider perspectives of Yuwaalaraay alive today, as they are exposed to the recordings of Ancestors, a centuray ago. Insider perspective is ... and in this research, will provide us with .. https://journals.openedition.org/socio/524 in reading #B00541, I returned to a particular line in the abstract .. LAYPEOPLE'S IMPLICIT THEORIES ABOUT THE "RULES" OF APPROPRIATE FAMILY CONDUCT #B00543 THIS THERAPEUTIC PROCESS THAT I HAVE OUTLINED, I DEFINE AS ‘DEFINITIONAL CEREMONY’. IT IS A SIGNIFICANT FEATURE OF NARRATIVE PRACTICE THAT INCLUDES STRUCTURED LEVELS OF TELLINGS AND RETELLINGS, AND THAT REPRODUCES A SPECIFIC TRADITION OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. I BELIEVE THAT DEFINITIONAL CEREMONY IS AN APT METAPHOR TO DESCRIBE THIS FEATURE OF NARRATIVE PRACTICE, FOR IT CREATES WHAT I CONSIDER TO BE A CEREMONY FOR THE RE-DEFINITION OF PEOPLE’S IDENTITY. I BELIEVE THAT THIS FITS WITH THE ORIGINAL SENTIMENT ASSOCIATED WITH THIS METAPHOR, WHICH I DREW FROM THE WORK OF BARBARA MYERHOFF DEFINITIONAL CEREMONIES OF NARRATIVE PRACTICE ALWAYS CONSIST OF AT LEAST THREE PARTS THE TELLING FACILITATED A DOUBLE STORIED TELLING TELLING OF STORIES OF TRAGEDY AND TRAUMA, AND ALSO OF x RESPONSE TO TRAGEDY AND TRAUMA IN WAYS THAT MADE VISIBLE WHAT x GAVE VALUE TO IN LIFE IN THESE INTERVIEWS, THE THERAPIST ALWAYS PROVIDES, THROUGH APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS, A CONTEXT FOR A DOUBLE-STORIED TELLING. AT THIS TIME THE TWO REFUGE WORKERS WERE STRICTLY IN THE AUDIENCE POSITION. I BELIEVE THAT ‘OUTSIDER WITNESS’ IS AN APPROPRIATE TERM WITH WHICH TO DEFINE THE MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE, FOR, AT THIS TIME, THEY ARE NOT ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONVERSATION, BUT ARE WITNESSING THIS CONVERSATION FROM THE OUTSIDE THE RETELLING OF THE TELLING WHEN JULIE’S DOUBLE-STORIED TELLING HAD DEVELOPED SUFFICIENTLY TO THE POINT THAT THERE WAS SOME CLARITY ABOUT WHAT SHE ACCORDED VALUE TO IN LIFE, I ARRANGED FOR AN EXTERNAL RESPONSE. THIS WAS AN EXTERNAL RESPONSE THAT, AMONGST OTHER THINGS, WAS POWERFULLY RESONANT WITH WHAT JULIE ACCORDED VALUE TO IN LIFE. THIS RESONANT RESPONSE WAS THE OUTCOME OF MY INTERVIEW OF THE TWO REFUGE WORKERS WHO WERE PRESENT AS OUTSIDER WITNESSES. IN THIS RESPONSE, THESE OUTSIDER WITNESSES ENGAGED IN A VIVID RE-PRESENTATION OF WHAT IT WAS THAT JULIE ACCORDED VALUE TO. AT THIS TIME JULIE WAS STRICTLY IN THE AUDIENCE POSITION, LISTENING TO THE RESPONSES OF THE OUTSIDER WITNESSES AS I INTERVIEWED THEM ABOUT WHAT THEY HAD BEEN DRAWN TO (THE EXPRESSION), ABOUT THE METAPHORS AND MENTAL PICTURES THAT THIS HAD EVOKED (THE IMAGE), ABOUT WHAT THIS HAD RESONATED WITH IN TERMS OF THEIR OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCE (EMBODIMENT), AND ABOUT THE WAYS IN WHICH THIS HAD MOVED THEM (CATHARSIS). (FOR EXAMPLE, ‘WELL, I THINK JULIE IS JUST AMAZING BECAUSE …’) IT IS UP TO THE THERAPIST TO QUICKLY RESPOND WITH A QUESTION THAT ENCOURAGES THIS OUTSIDER WITNESS TO PROVIDE SOME ACCOUNT OF THE PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF JULIE’S TELLING THAT S/HE WAS DRAWN TO (FOR EXAMPLE: ‘JULIE’S STORY WAS OBVIOUSLY VERY ENGAGING OF YOU. WHAT WAS IT EXACTLY THAT YOU HEARD OR WITNESSED THAT CAUGHT YOUR ATTENTION, AND THAT MIGHT BE REALLY SIGNIFICANT TO JULIE?’). THE RETELLING OF THE RETELLING WITHIN DEFINITIONAL CEREMONIES ALL THE SHIFTS BETWEEN THE THREE DIFFERENT STAGES ARE DISTINCT AND RELATIVELY FORMAL MOVEMENTS. IF THESE DISTINCT MOVEMENTS WERE TO DEGENERATE, AND THE CONVERSATIONS BECOME SIMPLE DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE VARIOUS PARTIES RATHER THAN STRUCTURED TELLINGS AND RETELLINGS, IT WOULD BE HIGHLY UNLIKELY THAT THIS WOULD ENABLE THE REDEVELOPMENT AND REINVIGORATION OF THE ‘SENSE OF MYSELF’ THAT IS VITAL TO REDRESS THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMA. #B00543 double storied conversations THIS STORY IS OFTEN ONLY PRESENT AS A VERY THIN TRACE, ONE THAT CAN BE HIGHLY DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY. IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE DO GET ONTO THIS TRACE, AND THAT WE ASSIST PEOPLE TO THICKEN THIS UP. THE FIRST STEP TO ACHIEVING THIS IS OFTEN THROUGH IDENTIFYING WHAT IT IS THAT PEOPLE HAVE CONTINUED TO GIVE VALUE TO DESPITE EVERYTHING THEY HAVE BEEN THROUGH. FIND AN AUDIENCE TO WHAT PEOPLE VALUE #B00543 outsider witnessing ??? with a resonant response, not opinion, empathy etc PARTICULARITIES OF EXPRESSIONS IT WAS THAT THEY’D HEARD FROM JULIE THAT HAD REALLY CAUGHT THEIR ATTENTION; THAT CAPTURED THEIR IMAGINATION; THAT THEY WERE PARTICULARLY DRAWN TO; THAT STRUCK A CHORD FOR THEM; THAT PROVIDED THEM WITH A SENSE OF WHAT IT IS THAT JULIE ACCORDS VALUE TO person is AUDIENCE TO THE CONVERSATION BUT NOT IN THE CONVERSATION COULD HEAR WHAT SHE WOULD NOT HAVE OTHERWISE HEARD HAD SHE BEEN IN DIALOGUE TO TELL ME WHAT JULIE’S STORYIMAGES OF IDENTITY HAD SUGGESTED TO THEM ABOUT HER; HOW IT HAD AFFECTED THEIR PICTURE OF HER AS A PERSON; HOW IT SHAPED THEIR VIEW OF HER; WHAT IT SAID TO THEM ABOUT WHAT MIGHT BE IMPORTANT TO JULIE; AND WHAT IT PERHAPS SAID ABOUT WHAT SHE STOOD FOR IN LIFE, ABOUT WHAT SHE BELIEVED IN. THROUGH QUESTIONS LIKE THIS, I WAS INVITING THE REFUGE WORKERS TO DESCRIBE THE IMAGES OF JULIE’S IDENTITY THAT WERE EVOKED FOR THEM BY THE EXPRESSIONS THEY HAD BEEN DRAWN TO AS THEY HAD LISTENED TO HER STORY. I HEARD THIS FROM JULIE, THIS IS WHAT IT EVOKED FOR ME ...’ THIS PROCESS OF RETELLING IN WHICH JULIE WAS STRICTLY IN THE AUDIENCE POSITION WAS VERY POWERFULLY AUTHENTICATING OF WHAT JULIE ACCORDED VALUE TO. HAD THE REFUGE WORKERS TURNED TO JULIE AND SAID DIRECTLY TO HER: ‘LOOK, IT’S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT YOU TREASURE THIS VALUE AND THAT YOU HOLD ONTO THIS’, THIS WOULD MAKE LITTLE, IF ANY, DIFFERENCE TO JULIE. THIS COULD TOO EASILY BE DISCOUNTED, AND WOULD NOT PROVIDE, FOR JULIE, THAT EXPERIENCE OF RESONANCE IN THE OUTSIDE WORLDEMBODYING THEIR INTEREST As the refuge workers situated their interest in Julie’s expressions in the history of their own experiences of life, this interest became embodied interest, not disembodied interest. And to embody one’s interest in this way is powerfully authenticating of it ACKNOWLEDGING CATHARSIS WHERE THIS EXPERIENCE HAS TAKEN US TO IN OUR OWN THOUGHTS; IN TERMS OF OUR REFLECTIONS ON OUR OWN EXISTENCE; IN TERMS OF OUR UNDERSTANDINGS OF OUR OWN LIVES; IN TERMS OF SPECULATION ABOUT CONVERSATIONS THAT WE MIGHT HAVE WITH OTHERS IN OUR LIVES; OR IN TERMS OF OPTIONS FOR ACTION IN THE WORLD – FOR EXAMPLE, IN REGARD TO REPOSSESSING WHAT WE FIND PRECIOUS IN OUR OWN HISTORIES, OR IN REGARD TO ADDRESSING CURRENT PREDICAMENTS IN OUR OWN LIVES AND RELATIONSHIPS. JULIE WAS IN TOUCH WITH THE FACT THAT THE RIPPLES OF HER STORY WERE TOUCHING THE LIVES OF THESE OTHER TWO WOMEN, TAKING THEM TO ANOTHER PLACE IN THEIR LIVES THAT WAS IMPORTANT TO THEM. GREEK TRAGEDY WAS CATHARTIC OF THE AUDIENCE IF IT MOVED THEM TO ANOTHER PLACE IN THEIR LIVES; IF IT PROVIDED THE IMPETUS FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE TO BECOME OTHER THAN WHO THEY WERE AT THE OUTSET OF THE PERFORMANCE. IF, ON ACCOUNT OF WITNESSING THIS POWERFUL DRAMA, THE PEOPLE IN THE AUDIENCE COULD THINK DIFFERENTLY ABOUT THEIR LIFE, OR IF THEY HAD A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THEIR OWN PERSONAL HISTORY, OR IF THEY BECAME NEWLY ENGAGED WITH CERTAIN PRECIOUS VALUES AND BELIEFS, OR IF THEY HAD NEW IDEAS ABOUT HOW THEY MIGHT PROCEED IN LIFE, WAYS THAT WERE MORE IN HARMONY WITH THESE VALUES AND BELIEFS, THIS WAS UNDERSTOOD TO BE A CATHARTIC EXPERIENCE the next stage is going back to the person and asking julie similar questions, not sure how this will pan out as the ancestors are not here WHAT DID YOU HEAR THAT YOU WERE DRAWN TO WERE THERE PARTICULAR WORDS THAT STRUCK A CHORD FOR YOU AS YOU LISTENED, WHAT IMAGES OF LIFE CAME TO MIND DID YOU HAVE ANY REALISATIONS ABOUT YOUR OWN LIFE HOW DID THIS AFFECT YOUR PICTURE OF WHO YOU ARE AS A PERSON WHAT DID THIS SAY TO YOU ABOUT WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU, ABOUT WHAT YOU TREASURE WHAT DOES THIS SUGGEST ABOUT YOUR PURPOSES IN LIFE DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF WHAT THIS RELFECTS ABOUT WHAT YOU STAND FOR, OR ABOUT YOUR HOPES IN LIFE YOU HAVE SPOKEN ABOUT WHAT YOU HEARD THAT STRUCK A CHORD FOR YOU. WHAT DID THIS STRIKE A CHORD WITH IN TERMS OF YOUR OWN EXPERIENCES OF LIFE? WHAT DID IT TOUCH ON IN REGARD TO YOUR OWN HISTORY? DID PARTICULAR MEMORIES LIGHT UP AT THIS TIME? DID ANYTHING ELSE BECOME MORE VISIBLE TO YOU ABOUT YOUR OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCES, THAT WOULD EXPLAIN WHY YOU WERE SO DRAWN TO WHAT YOU HEARD?’ ETC WHAT IS YOUR SENSE OF WHERE THESE CONVERSATIONS HAVE TAKEN YOU? WHAT IS THE PLACE THAT YOU ARE IN RIGHT NOW THAT YOU WERE NOT IN AT THE BEGINNING OF THESE CONVERSATIONS? YOU HAVE TALKED OF SOME IMPORTANT REALISATIONS ABOUT YOUR LIFE THAT HAVE COME FROM LISTENING TO SALLY AND DIANE, AND I WOULD BE INTERESTED IN YOUR PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF THESE REALISATIONS. YOU HAVE ALSO GIVEN VOICE TO SOME SIGNIFICANT CONCLUSIONS REGARDING WHAT YOUR LIFE IS ABOUT, AND I WOULD BE INTERESTED TO KNOW IF THIS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO ANY NEW UNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT YOUR OWN HISTORY CHOOSING WITNESSES NOT ALWAYS THE CASE THAT THE PERSON WILL HAVE THIS ALREADY ESTABLISHED CONNECTION WITH THE PEOPLE WHO ARE INVITED TO PARTICIPATE AS OUTSIDER WITNESSES. AT TIMES THE OUTSIDER WITNESSES TO MY WORK WITH PEOPLE WHO CONSULT ME ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMA ARE DRAWN FROM A POOL OF VOLUNTEERS WHO HAVE INSIDER KNOWLEDGE OF TRAUMA AND ITS EFFECTS. OFTEN THESE VOLUNTEERS COME FROM A LIST OF NAMES OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE CONSULTED ME ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMA IN THEIR OWN LIVES, AND WHO HAVE BEEN ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT JOINING ME IN MY WORK WITH OTHERS WHO ARE FOLLOWING IN THEIR FOOTSTEPS3. AT OTHER TIMES THESE OUTSIDER WITNESS ARE DRAWN FROM MY OWN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL NETWORK, OR FROM PEOPLE OF THE PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES WHO ARE COLLEAGUES OR WHO ARE VISITING DULWICH CENTRE FOR TRAINING AND CONSULTATION Continous focus and comment on the power dynamics in research, undertaken with colonised Indigenous people, has improved the research landscape for both researchers and participants. There is a better measure of Indigenous input and understanding of what is being measured (Blodgett, 2011) (Braun et al, 2014) (Brush et al, 2020) and improvements in the methods of enquiry, language and participation (Chambers et al, 2018), (Nadeau et al 2022). With collection occurring in Indigenous settings, with Indigenous methods and Indigenous feedback, Communities are benefitting long after studies have been completed, Australia is opening to modern Indigenous Contructs of her history (Funnell et al, 2020), (Ward, 2016) and Indigenous (or Decolonising) Research Methodologies (IRMs) have become a requirement rather than a choice (AIATSIS, 2020). But what does this mean for the participant in a decolonising research methodology? What is their measure of increased understanding or improvement, after they have opened up personally, culturally and spoken outloud about their experiences. Does participation in decolonising research methodologies, effect individual Aboriginal identity and if so, how? This literature review initially reports the efficacy of IRM’s for the Research landscape and Community, but then moves to the expectations, met or otherwise, of the Aboriginal participants in the studies that were engaged in those methodologies. There was much data on participants measure of identity and culture, of programs being studied, but very little on the actual participation in an IRM. It is hoped that this gap will encourage future IRM design to include these questions in their yarning and help people be better informed about the possible outcomes of their participation, regardless of the intended research outcome? Current Impact IRMs call attention to the implications of research, for those that deliver, for those that participate and for those that are affected long after the study has been completed. Examples like Environmental Repossion (Nightingale and Richmond, 2022), Indigenous Standpoint Theory, Yarning Framework (Peake et al, 2020), Democratic Model of Communal Learning (AIFS, 2015) or Indigenous Knowledge Systems (Australian Institute of Family Studies AIFS, 2015) redistribute the power in research processes so meaningful and authenticate engagement can occurr with Aboriginal Communities. These amended processes now aim to make communities better aware of the short term cost of participation, or at the very least the cost of accommodating researchers in their Country. Long term, studies such as Muir and Dean (2017) and Brush et al (2020) evaluated the indicators of success and sustainability of promised outcomes long after community participation. As the ideology has taken shape, in the short term, IRM’s are being moulded to fit Country and their generational cohort, history and geography. (Scrine, 2022). Community evaluation regarding projects founded on IRMs report increasing strengths in community voice (Peake et al, 2020), cultural pride and engagement (Shepherd et al, 2018), better delivery of the community services under the microscope (Ramanathan et al, 2021) and an unlearning, for all those in the research process, of colonisation (Klutz et al, 2021). Much of the reported data was given in terms of “Social and Emotional Wellbeing” or SEWB (Dudgeon et al, 2017) meaning any of one of the many components that make up the Indigenous wholistic view of health. Though it is widely accepted that SEWB components such as wellbeing, resilience and healing are promoted through cultural connection (Bourke et al., 2018; Butler et al., 2019; Salmon et al., 2019), research reports seem to focus more on the community reward of that cultural connection rather than rather than any actual change in individuals in their cultural connection. Studies existed where transformative experiences of cultural strength, individual identity or cultural resilience, were measured in relation to participation of specific programs. For instance, Nightingale and Richmond’s (2022) land based camp on environmental repossession highlighted individual pride and empowerment reinforced through that action of land reconnection and the restoration of cultural practices. This transformative practice was also seen wth Kluttz et al (2021) in their examination of participation in an Indigenous resistance experience. One of the key findings being the “Opportunity to learn/unlearn decolonisation/colinisation”. This experience was presented as three “learning relationships”, i.e. to people, to community and to self. This last one, particularly of interest in this review, as it describes a discovery of an individual identity or part thereof, i.e. “I came home a proud Dakota Indian, I learned what kind of Indian I am.” A similar wisdom reported in Trout et al (2018) where learning circles were utilised as a youth suicide intervention within the whole community. “This is what we choose. This is where we want to go with our culture.” Other studies reported similar findings with the impact of cultural identity on an individual trait or behaviour, or vice versa, resulting in the building of resilience, positive coping mechanisms and strong identity. Shepherd et al (2018) while yarning with prisoners about mental health and re-offending found people less likely to reoffend when they felt their own cultural pride was strong. Participants in a cultural strengthening activity program (Black et al, 2023) reported the distinct involvement in the research component as worthwhile to the identity. In Sarovich et al (2022) where people yarned about the culturally responsive approach of the research, participants noted an increase in their personal connection to cultural knowledge. Conclusion Much community advantage has arisen from the increasing use of Indigenous Research Methodologies, such as the long term safety of community participation and knowledge, but there is a lack of documented perspectives from the view of the individual participant. No one study was found that focused specifically on the effects of research participation on cultural identity, rather studies reported influences as a result of involvement in the program being researched. Those results were limited considering that the programs themselves were culturally immersed or community involved. If there were changes in the strength of cultural identity, it is difficult to note from current studies if those changes were a result of participation, of the methodology itself or some other factor that has not yet been taken into account. More research is urged on the long term implications of individual Aboriginal Australians raising their hands for research. ngiyani ngunha winanga-la-nha (we hear you) what, if anything, is sacrificed by the individual for the good of the community also the lit review and ethics form to add depth in understanding of methodology and methods suitable for project use of highly relevant, credible sources to advance arguments and explanations Highly compelling and detailed paragraphs All sections contribute to authors purpose, which is maintained through the essay No duplication particular approaches quanitative identiy styles entire parucular of the people and place youa re workingwith not claiming to eenralise everywhere committing to doing the diging so it will ive do the methods seem doable finacial and travelimplications ethics implications pointing to some of the key texts some reading and then empirical work what might be ifferent in wht you are dioing assuign sometihng about the character of identity established an Aboriginal advisory group to help guide her through the research process. She continued to meet with the advisory group on a monthly basis many researchers and treatment providers made statistical generalizations by treating Aboriginal peoples as if they were one large group without recognizing their diversities [15,31]. In order to avoid this risk, clinicians and researchers must recognize that each group of Indigenous peoples have cultural concepts that are specific to that particular group [58,73-75]. framework or approach researcher employs to carry out their research and analysis THEORIES OF ACTION: WHY PEOPLE DO AS THEY DO INDIVIDUALISTIC PERSPECTIVE .. INDIVIDUALS ARE MOTIVATED BY SELF INTEREST AND WILL DO WHAT MAXIMIZES THEIR OWN BENEFITS -Most sciences have an agreed-upon set of concepts and a shared vocabulary so that, even where there is no agreement on substance, at least we know what the disagreement is about. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059799116630660#:~:text=All%20four%20modes%20of%20yarning,and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20women Yarning and appreciative inquiry: The use of culturally appropriate and respectful research methods when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Australian prisons establish advisory group to help guide me through the research process meet with group on regular basis what guidance would i be looking for? targeted desktop based analysis then field research, e.g. interviews to confirm/refulte/ problematise / add new findings what happens when you brign this to people with their history and capacity Gibson, C. (2006) Decolonizing the production of geographical knowledges? reflections on research with indigenous musicians. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 88:3, 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2006.00221.x Geografiska Annerler is a journal dispensing views on the physical environment’s community and cultural relationships. This article, provides a uniquely Australian Indigenous perspective on the collection of research within the modern idea of Aboriginality, and continues with the authenticity theme of previously mentioned publications. Gibson’s other contributions have centred around the politics of being and of class in Australian towns and appeals to the language and understanding of my situated Australianess. Research was supported by the University of Wollongong, an academic institution that shares the Gundungara land on which I live and I am interested as to whether that has influenced Gibson’s research. Ramanathan, S. A., Larkins, S., Carlisle, K., Turner, N., Bailie, R. S., Thompson, S., Bainbridge, R., Deeming, S., & Searles, A. (2021). What was the impact of a participatory research project in Australian Indigenous primary healthcare services? Applying a comprehensive framework for assessing translational health research to Lessons for the Best. BMJ Open, 11(2), e040749–e040749. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040749 In Australian Indigenous settings, lead researcher Ramanathan, has been involved in the integration of knowledge systems, child cultural safety, research impact and research translation. It is these last two elements that can highlight how to assess the impact of participatory research, specificially in the use of the process of Framework to Assess the Impact of Translational health research (FAIT). It is not necessarily the process itself that is the key, but that researchers are questioning the outcome of research, i.e. is it being translated into practice, particularly in an Australian Indigenous scope where much research has taken place with little effect on outcome. The British Medical Journal, is a peer reviewed journal focusing on medical research in therapeutic areas. https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-researchers-mean-by/grounded-theory to work collaboratively with them seeking understandings and insights of their experiences. Boeije, Hennie. (2002). #B00557 An ‘Indigenous women’s standpoint theory’ approach was adopted to frame discussion. This approach gives strength and power to the voice of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and their diverse cultural lived experiences. The raw and often brutal realities this approach exposed had a triggering impact on the Aboriginal team member for whom these realities were familiar. cull through PHDDD folder what is proper asymmetrical interviewer interviewee balise the style of question or data collection influences the output in an open conversational style, we are finding things out about each other we are accountable to finding out as much as we need to know that satisfies the other person that we fully know it is a relationship in a closed question style, we are finding answers to specific questions put here the homeless example in an open style, we ask more to find out about context in a closed style we apply the answer to our own context not just to see what may have been left out but what else was there, is there rescuing the said from the saying of it ... pdf in ethel four different types of yarning Qualitative information about adolescent reactions to and thoughts about narrative therapy was gathered and examined with phenomenological analysis. what is nvivo software methods how it happens how you do the work on the ground, pathway is this way methodology how you come to understand what you did, why it is important to do that way reflection on why you did what you did e.g. needed to respect those elders methodology is checked in on over the course of the thesis methodology western research: plan .. i need to have sample size of x, speak to them 6 times, when i analyse grounded theory, statistical methodology this is applied how do we create a charter that makes visible non colonising ways and deep respect for indigenous ways of being and knowing A non indigenous methodology blah blah, whereas an indigenous methodology not only caters for, but encourages, demands co-researchers to DEVELOP their CAPACITY FOR DISCERNMENT of what? participants are in empowered positions from the start of the research relationship healing happens through the textual analysis we are taking our words back, and with our expertise, deciphering what our ancestors meant 600 METHODS 7 absent but implicit - #B00031 - WE REVIEW AS A FOUNDATION FOR APPRECIATING THIS PARTICULAR PRACTICE THE WAYS IN WHICH NARRATIVE PRACTICES SUPPORTS AN EXPLORATION OF THE ACCOUNTS OF LIFE THAT LIE ‘‘OUTSIDE OF’’ THE PROBLEM STORY - OFFER FURTHER POSSIBILITIES FOR BRINGING FORWARD THESE OFTEN NEGLECTED TERRITORIES OF LIFE. minya:: #phdddcomponents i had to create this word not so we had a new word, so that you understood what i mean DEMONSTRATE YOUR COMMAND OF THE METHODOLOGICAL AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERPINNINGS OF RESEARCH BEING PURSUED Was lt talked into being? michaela kim's advice that i might have to increase the pool of literature, but my focus is on language texts, on information that was supposed to be collected directly from our ancestors, not opinion in reports or newspapers or fiction, possibly those collected as myths? Euahlayi, Euayelai, Eualeyai, Ualarai, Yuwaaliyaay and Yuwallarai this study is set out well [[reading 20231130 b00123 yashadhanaEtAl study.pdf]] on this page # helpful methodologies - https://libguides.westminster.ac.uk/methodology-for-dissertations - talking to aunty beth about her fathers involvement - how these relationships happened is the substance of the thesis - keeping these practices supporting each other but seperate - and how this will work across different knowledge traditions - how the practice happened around the initial disuccsion - communication plan - what might be shared be back to the Yuwaalaraay people - elements of communication that might be important for Elders - what's going to come out from your research - primary output is the thesis - use of the barriyay method - oates and list - john dewey framework - things are proposed in the research and a relation emerges - why it was significant - Given that appreciative inquiry explores and privileges the narrative as a means of making sense of the prison experience, the authors suggest it complements the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tradition of ‘yarning’. A yarning style represents a way of ensuring cultural safety, respect and the utilisation of First Peoples ontology to research conducted with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Overall, it is delineated how interfacing appreciative inquiry and yarning may provide a viable alternative to the deep colonising and perpetually oppressive use of Western modes - of scholarship when engaging in research with First Peoples. Leeson, Smith, Rynne (2016) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059799116630660#:~:text=All%20four%20modes%20of%20yarning,and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20women arguing for a method of ‘research at the interface’ that utilises appreciative inquiry with culturally appropriate conversations (yarning) appreciative enquiry - https://www.nirakn.edu.au/dashboard/research-methodologies-and-methods/ ```dataview List FROM #phdddmethodology SORT file.link checks research method for each question or task should be identified and justified analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the selected method point to collaborative experience mutual learning in retrospect collaborative research practice continues into analysis of processes https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059799116630660#:~:text=All%20four%20modes%20of%20yarning,and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20women. There should be sufficient detail in the description of the method for the committee to be able to judge its appropriateness for the research to be undertaken. Provide an overview of the methodology and techniques you will use to conduct your research. Which materials and equipment you will use? Which theoretical frameworks will you draw on? Which method will you use to collect data? Highlight why you have chosen this particular methodology, detailing its own merits, but also why others may not have been as suitable. You need to demonstrate that you have put thought into your approach and why it's the most appropriate way to carry out your research. It should also highlight potential limitations you anticipate facing, feasibility within time and other constraints, ethical considerations and how you will address these, and general resources etc. Data Analysis will focus on patterns of alternative assumptions and themes to what the Author of the text first concluded. Methods will include conceptual and thematic analysis in an Indigenous framework, listening for privilege and power AND alternatives from the original Author perspective. Note that it is possible that a shared understanding of alternate conclusions may be reached even if the individual conclusions themselves differ. Data Collection will be through audio recordings, so as not to interfere with the flow of conversation and any written notes, with permission, of the Investigators. All information, draft and final, will be available to all Participants on the web portal. content senior elder and authorisation reinterpretation .. opening up narratives knowledge practice decolonial practice being accountable for carrying this forward heritage memory share testimony how have you come to this ??? who will it involve ADOPT A MINDSET IN WHICH YOU EMBRACE DISCUSSIONS OR INFORMATION ABOUT CULTURES—INCLUDING INFORMATION THAT DEVIATES FROM YOUR PRECONCEPTIONS OR PREFERENCES .. straight from CDU cultural brochure EMIC APPROACH: INSIDER'S PERSPECTIVE, WHICH LOOKS AT THE BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES OF A PARTICULAR CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE WITHIN THAT CULTURE assuming heterogenous not homogenous culture ONTOLOGY: BRANCH OF METAPHYSICS DEALING WITH THE NATURE OF BEING THE PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF BEING, AS WELL AS RELATED CONCEPTS SUCH AS EXISTENCE, BECOMING, AND REALITY The study uses a participatory methodology (Stille, 2015) to examine four exerts from the book The Euahlayi Tribe (Langloh Parker, 1905) using the four Barriyay Windows. This book was chosen because of its non-indigenous authorship and direct Euahlayi Nation contribution. Six Investigators will be recruited through media and community organisations within the nations, Yuwaalaaray, Muruwari, Kooma, Bigambul, Kamilaroi, Baanbinya, Wailwan that surround Bangate Station, the geographic focus of the chosen text. An Initial Co-Design Workshop will provide an introduction to the purpose of the study and an outline of the delivery idea so far. It is integral to the study that Investigators know that they are part of a co-investigative relationship with people of today about people of yesterday. A sample dissection from the book will be shared to demonstrate the Barriyay method and an updated delivery and design discussed where necessary. The remaining Research Design may change based on the outcomes of this workshop. Investigators will have had a familial relationship with a person [Co-Contributer] who had a familial relationship with an adult Euahlayi Australian alive in the geographic area between 1900 and 1930 [Contributor], and are bilingual in Yuwaalaraay and Australian English [to Highschool level], or has an interpreter where comfortable translation is possible Mid-Collaborations will include up to six focus groups over a three month period. Groups will begin with Investigators sharing life stories of their Co-Contributor and move to co-research using the Barriyay method. The last session will be a Reflection Conversation encompassing a debriefing process and an invitation to contribute to a collective document in recognition of the original Euhalari Contributors. There will also be semi-structured interviews for each individual, using open and closed questions and self rating scales to provide feedback on the process. Much was written about us (the Australian Aboriginal population) before we had a chance to participate, thus the Colonist lens left those scratchings far from complete. Modern re-examinations with an Indigenous lens has acknowledged the absence in original stories of exploitation, genocide and resistance. Now commonly known as "truth telling", this act of honest acknowledgement has helped Aboriginal healing by not only recognising that lies that were told, but that previous labelled acts of Aboriginal compliance were actually forceful unique responses taken by our ancestors to survive. These alternative methodologies have also provided frameworks for Researchers to better engage with Indigenous Participants to promote indigenous voices being heard as they are spoken, rather than words interpreted through a colonised lens. From this engagement, Researchers have been able to base studies on actual community needs, so outcomes can benefit the community and/or the Indigenous population of Australia as a whole. people always repond/resist in some way is there evidence of this in the text questions are to locate a second theme or storyline process of healing through textual analysis Aboriginal Participatory Action Research sharing Circles limited to studies in this 21st century interpretive Interpretive phenomenology analysis is the theoretical approach used for this study because it allows the researchers to explore and understand the lived experiences of participants hartleyBennington you could extend on hartley and bennington outsider witnesses talk only about where it took them narratological research #B00022 is indigenous learning connected to .. THE PARADOXICAL THEORY OF CHANGE IS PART OF GESTALT THERAPY, DEVELOPED BY LAURA AND FRIEDRICH (‘FRITZ’) PERLS IN THE 1940S AND 1950S. FELTHAM AND DRYDEN (1993: 75) DEFINE IT AS ‘A DISTINCTIVE METHOD OF COUNSELLING AND THERAPY … WHICH EMPHASISES IMMEDIACY, EXPERIENCING AND PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY’. FOR EXAMPLE, ‘CLIENTS ARE OFTEN ENCOURAGED TO ENGAGE IN DIALOGUES BETWEEN ONE PART OF THEMSELVES AND ANOTHER, THE AIM BEING TO CLARIFY INCOMPLETE UNDERSTANDING AND TO ENABLE INTEGRATION’ (FELTHAM AND DRYDEN, 1993: 75). GESTALT BASED ON PHENOMOLOGY next METHODS: IN-DEPTH SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS WITH THEMATIC ANALYSIS WERE UNDERTAKEN TO EXPLORE THE PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS EXPERIENCED BY ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER WOMEN AS THEY MANAGED THEIR CHRONIC DISEASE. AN ‘INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S STANDPOINT THEORY’ APPROACH WAS ADOPTED TO FRAME DISCUSSION. THIS APPROACH GIVES STRENGTH AND POWER TO THE VOICE OF ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER WOMEN AND THEIR DIVERSE CULTURAL LIVED EXPERIENCES. THE RAW AND OFTEN BRUTAL REALITIES THIS APPROACH EXPOSED HAD A TRIGGERING IMPACT ON THE ABORIGINAL TEAM MEMBER FOR WHOM THESE REALITIES WERE FAMILIAR. INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WITH PARTICIPANTS FROM FOUR ABORIGINAL MEDICAL SERVICES FROM URBAN, RURAL AND REMOTE AUSTRALIA. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERVIEWS, AND REFLECTION REGARDING THE RESEARCHER’S EXPERIENCES, OCCURRED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM #B00557 You’ll keep exploring the interpretive phenomenology and other relevant literature “This study will use a ground up approach…” beginning on the lands of my Euahlayi Nation, working with and being guided by other members of the language-speaking community of this place. (would it work to add this phrasing, or similar?) I really like your adoption of the term ‘investigators’ for participants. ⁃ I think you should suggest the steps in the method that you detail are indicative of the possible approach to be taken, with times, places and formats remaining responsive to the needs of the co-investigators and the project ⁃ You could add that you will also work with an auto-ethnographic approach, gathering ethnographic stories of the research process and supporting your analysis of an emergent research process in which you are also involved as a language-speaker and community member.Framework Barriyay ⁃ Is there something to add about your existing relationship and experience with this tool? Bottom pg. 3 ⁃ “By initiating the reclamation of historical scripts, this technique also provides an opportunity for Euhalari dependents to contribute alongside their Ancestors and as Investigators, present their findings, apply their contexts and re-tell their stories” ⁃ I do think there is an important implication here around Euhalari people, in the contemporary moment, finding ways of becoming the anthropologists of their own story. You are exploring what kinds of methods facilitate that kind of becoming. And it is as much to do with re-becoming knowledge authorities through being involved in a research and collaborative inquiry process, as it is about any particular outcomes. So you may want to add something about this. performative research ... exergenisis as opposed to thesis autoethnography what is ethnographic writing legitimacy of participants what is an Indigenous led process and why is it important? ==GENUINELY collaborative approach== when describing co design #task what other research has been done with yuwaalaray people what other methods have been used to revisit historical texts and or trauma utilising insider perspectives of Yuwaalaraay alive today, as they are exposed to the recordings of Ancestors, a centuray ago. Insider perspective is ... and in this research, will provide us with .. https://journals.openedition.org/socio/524 in reading #B00541, I returned to a particular line in the abstract .. LAYPEOPLE'S IMPLICIT THEORIES ABOUT THE "RULES" OF APPROPRIATE FAMILY CONDUCT #B00543 THIS THERAPEUTIC PROCESS THAT I HAVE OUTLINED, I DEFINE AS ‘DEFINITIONAL CEREMONY’. IT IS A SIGNIFICANT FEATURE OF NARRATIVE PRACTICE THAT INCLUDES STRUCTURED LEVELS OF TELLINGS AND RETELLINGS, AND THAT REPRODUCES A SPECIFIC TRADITION OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. I BELIEVE THAT DEFINITIONAL CEREMONY IS AN APT METAPHOR TO DESCRIBE THIS FEATURE OF NARRATIVE PRACTICE, FOR IT CREATES WHAT I CONSIDER TO BE A CEREMONY FOR THE RE-DEFINITION OF PEOPLE’S IDENTITY. I BELIEVE THAT THIS FITS WITH THE ORIGINAL SENTIMENT ASSOCIATED WITH THIS METAPHOR, WHICH I DREW FROM THE WORK OF BARBARA MYERHOFF DEFINITIONAL CEREMONIES OF NARRATIVE PRACTICE ALWAYS CONSIST OF AT LEAST THREE PARTS THE TELLING FACILITATED A DOUBLE STORIED TELLING TELLING OF STORIES OF TRAGEDY AND TRAUMA, AND ALSO OF x RESPONSE TO TRAGEDY AND TRAUMA IN WAYS THAT MADE VISIBLE WHAT x GAVE VALUE TO IN LIFE IN THESE INTERVIEWS, THE THERAPIST ALWAYS PROVIDES, THROUGH APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS, A CONTEXT FOR A DOUBLE-STORIED TELLING. AT THIS TIME THE TWO REFUGE WORKERS WERE STRICTLY IN THE AUDIENCE POSITION. I BELIEVE THAT ‘OUTSIDER WITNESS’ IS AN APPROPRIATE TERM WITH WHICH TO DEFINE THE MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE, FOR, AT THIS TIME, THEY ARE NOT ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONVERSATION, BUT ARE WITNESSING THIS CONVERSATION FROM THE OUTSIDE THE RETELLING OF THE TELLING WHEN JULIE’S DOUBLE-STORIED TELLING HAD DEVELOPED SUFFICIENTLY TO THE POINT THAT THERE WAS SOME CLARITY ABOUT WHAT SHE ACCORDED VALUE TO IN LIFE, I ARRANGED FOR AN EXTERNAL RESPONSE. THIS WAS AN EXTERNAL RESPONSE THAT, AMONGST OTHER THINGS, WAS POWERFULLY RESONANT WITH WHAT JULIE ACCORDED VALUE TO IN LIFE. THIS RESONANT RESPONSE WAS THE OUTCOME OF MY INTERVIEW OF THE TWO REFUGE WORKERS WHO WERE PRESENT AS OUTSIDER WITNESSES. IN THIS RESPONSE, THESE OUTSIDER WITNESSES ENGAGED IN A VIVID RE-PRESENTATION OF WHAT IT WAS THAT JULIE ACCORDED VALUE TO. AT THIS TIME JULIE WAS STRICTLY IN THE AUDIENCE POSITION, LISTENING TO THE RESPONSES OF THE OUTSIDER WITNESSES AS I INTERVIEWED THEM ABOUT WHAT THEY HAD BEEN DRAWN TO (THE EXPRESSION), ABOUT THE METAPHORS AND MENTAL PICTURES THAT THIS HAD EVOKED (THE IMAGE), ABOUT WHAT THIS HAD RESONATED WITH IN TERMS OF THEIR OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCE (EMBODIMENT), AND ABOUT THE WAYS IN WHICH THIS HAD MOVED THEM (CATHARSIS). (FOR EXAMPLE, ‘WELL, I THINK JULIE IS JUST AMAZING BECAUSE …’) IT IS UP TO THE THERAPIST TO QUICKLY RESPOND WITH A QUESTION THAT ENCOURAGES THIS OUTSIDER WITNESS TO PROVIDE SOME ACCOUNT OF THE PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF JULIE’S TELLING THAT S/HE WAS DRAWN TO (FOR EXAMPLE: ‘JULIE’S STORY WAS OBVIOUSLY VERY ENGAGING OF YOU. WHAT WAS IT EXACTLY THAT YOU HEARD OR WITNESSED THAT CAUGHT YOUR ATTENTION, AND THAT MIGHT BE REALLY SIGNIFICANT TO JULIE?’). THE RETELLING OF THE RETELLING WITHIN DEFINITIONAL CEREMONIES ALL THE SHIFTS BETWEEN THE THREE DIFFERENT STAGES ARE DISTINCT AND RELATIVELY FORMAL MOVEMENTS. IF THESE DISTINCT MOVEMENTS WERE TO DEGENERATE, AND THE CONVERSATIONS BECOME SIMPLE DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE VARIOUS PARTIES RATHER THAN STRUCTURED TELLINGS AND RETELLINGS, IT WOULD BE HIGHLY UNLIKELY THAT THIS WOULD ENABLE THE REDEVELOPMENT AND REINVIGORATION OF THE ‘SENSE OF MYSELF’ THAT IS VITAL TO REDRESS THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMA. #B00543 double storied conversations THIS STORY IS OFTEN ONLY PRESENT AS A VERY THIN TRACE, ONE THAT CAN BE HIGHLY DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY. IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE DO GET ONTO THIS TRACE, AND THAT WE ASSIST PEOPLE TO THICKEN THIS UP. THE FIRST STEP TO ACHIEVING THIS IS OFTEN THROUGH IDENTIFYING WHAT IT IS THAT PEOPLE HAVE CONTINUED TO GIVE VALUE TO DESPITE EVERYTHING THEY HAVE BEEN THROUGH. FIND AN AUDIENCE TO WHAT PEOPLE VALUE #B00543 outsider witnessing ??? with a resonant response, not opinion, empathy etc PARTICULARITIES OF EXPRESSIONS IT WAS THAT THEY’D HEARD FROM JULIE THAT HAD REALLY CAUGHT THEIR ATTENTION; THAT CAPTURED THEIR IMAGINATION; THAT THEY WERE PARTICULARLY DRAWN TO; THAT STRUCK A CHORD FOR THEM; THAT PROVIDED THEM WITH A SENSE OF WHAT IT IS THAT JULIE ACCORDS VALUE TO person is AUDIENCE TO THE CONVERSATION BUT NOT IN THE CONVERSATION COULD HEAR WHAT SHE WOULD NOT HAVE OTHERWISE HEARD HAD SHE BEEN IN DIALOGUE TO TELL ME WHAT JULIE’S STORYIMAGES OF IDENTITY HAD SUGGESTED TO THEM ABOUT HER; HOW IT HAD AFFECTED THEIR PICTURE OF HER AS A PERSON; HOW IT SHAPED THEIR VIEW OF HER; WHAT IT SAID TO THEM ABOUT WHAT MIGHT BE IMPORTANT TO JULIE; AND WHAT IT PERHAPS SAID ABOUT WHAT SHE STOOD FOR IN LIFE, ABOUT WHAT SHE BELIEVED IN. THROUGH QUESTIONS LIKE THIS, I WAS INVITING THE REFUGE WORKERS TO DESCRIBE THE IMAGES OF JULIE’S IDENTITY THAT WERE EVOKED FOR THEM BY THE EXPRESSIONS THEY HAD BEEN DRAWN TO AS THEY HAD LISTENED TO HER STORY. I HEARD THIS FROM JULIE, THIS IS WHAT IT EVOKED FOR ME ...’ THIS PROCESS OF RETELLING IN WHICH JULIE WAS STRICTLY IN THE AUDIENCE POSITION WAS VERY POWERFULLY AUTHENTICATING OF WHAT JULIE ACCORDED VALUE TO. HAD THE REFUGE WORKERS TURNED TO JULIE AND SAID DIRECTLY TO HER: ‘LOOK, IT’S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT YOU TREASURE THIS VALUE AND THAT YOU HOLD ONTO THIS’, THIS WOULD MAKE LITTLE, IF ANY, DIFFERENCE TO JULIE. THIS COULD TOO EASILY BE DISCOUNTED, AND WOULD NOT PROVIDE, FOR JULIE, THAT EXPERIENCE OF RESONANCE IN THE OUTSIDE WORLDEMBODYING THEIR INTEREST As the refuge workers situated their interest in Julie’s expressions in the history of their own experiences of life, this interest became embodied interest, not disembodied interest. And to embody one’s interest in this way is powerfully authenticating of it ACKNOWLEDGING CATHARSIS WHERE THIS EXPERIENCE HAS TAKEN US TO IN OUR OWN THOUGHTS; IN TERMS OF OUR REFLECTIONS ON OUR OWN EXISTENCE; IN TERMS OF OUR UNDERSTANDINGS OF OUR OWN LIVES; IN TERMS OF SPECULATION ABOUT CONVERSATIONS THAT WE MIGHT HAVE WITH OTHERS IN OUR LIVES; OR IN TERMS OF OPTIONS FOR ACTION IN THE WORLD – FOR EXAMPLE, IN REGARD TO REPOSSESSING WHAT WE FIND PRECIOUS IN OUR OWN HISTORIES, OR IN REGARD TO ADDRESSING CURRENT PREDICAMENTS IN OUR OWN LIVES AND RELATIONSHIPS. JULIE WAS IN TOUCH WITH THE FACT THAT THE RIPPLES OF HER STORY WERE TOUCHING THE LIVES OF THESE OTHER TWO WOMEN, TAKING THEM TO ANOTHER PLACE IN THEIR LIVES THAT WAS IMPORTANT TO THEM. GREEK TRAGEDY WAS CATHARTIC OF THE AUDIENCE IF IT MOVED THEM TO ANOTHER PLACE IN THEIR LIVES; IF IT PROVIDED THE IMPETUS FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE TO BECOME OTHER THAN WHO THEY WERE AT THE OUTSET OF THE PERFORMANCE. IF, ON ACCOUNT OF WITNESSING THIS POWERFUL DRAMA, THE PEOPLE IN THE AUDIENCE COULD THINK DIFFERENTLY ABOUT THEIR LIFE, OR IF THEY HAD A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THEIR OWN PERSONAL HISTORY, OR IF THEY BECAME NEWLY ENGAGED WITH CERTAIN PRECIOUS VALUES AND BELIEFS, OR IF THEY HAD NEW IDEAS ABOUT HOW THEY MIGHT PROCEED IN LIFE, WAYS THAT WERE MORE IN HARMONY WITH THESE VALUES AND BELIEFS, THIS WAS UNDERSTOOD TO BE A CATHARTIC EXPERIENCE the next stage is going back to the person and asking julie similar questions, not sure how this will pan out as the ancestors are not here WHAT DID YOU HEAR THAT YOU WERE DRAWN TO WERE THERE PARTICULAR WORDS THAT STRUCK A CHORD FOR YOU AS YOU LISTENED, WHAT IMAGES OF LIFE CAME TO MIND DID YOU HAVE ANY REALISATIONS ABOUT YOUR OWN LIFE HOW DID THIS AFFECT YOUR PICTURE OF WHO YOU ARE AS A PERSON WHAT DID THIS SAY TO YOU ABOUT WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU, ABOUT WHAT YOU TREASURE WHAT DOES THIS SUGGEST ABOUT YOUR PURPOSES IN LIFE DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF WHAT THIS RELFECTS ABOUT WHAT YOU STAND FOR, OR ABOUT YOUR HOPES IN LIFE YOU HAVE SPOKEN ABOUT WHAT YOU HEARD THAT STRUCK A CHORD FOR YOU. WHAT DID THIS STRIKE A CHORD WITH IN TERMS OF YOUR OWN EXPERIENCES OF LIFE? WHAT DID IT TOUCH ON IN REGARD TO YOUR OWN HISTORY? DID PARTICULAR MEMORIES LIGHT UP AT THIS TIME? DID ANYTHING ELSE BECOME MORE VISIBLE TO YOU ABOUT YOUR OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCES, THAT WOULD EXPLAIN WHY YOU WERE SO DRAWN TO WHAT YOU HEARD?’ ETC WHAT IS YOUR SENSE OF WHERE THESE CONVERSATIONS HAVE TAKEN YOU? WHAT IS THE PLACE THAT YOU ARE IN RIGHT NOW THAT YOU WERE NOT IN AT THE BEGINNING OF THESE CONVERSATIONS? YOU HAVE TALKED OF SOME IMPORTANT REALISATIONS ABOUT YOUR LIFE THAT HAVE COME FROM LISTENING TO SALLY AND DIANE, AND I WOULD BE INTERESTED IN YOUR PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF THESE REALISATIONS. YOU HAVE ALSO GIVEN VOICE TO SOME SIGNIFICANT CONCLUSIONS REGARDING WHAT YOUR LIFE IS ABOUT, AND I WOULD BE INTERESTED TO KNOW IF THIS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO ANY NEW UNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT YOUR OWN HISTORY CHOOSING WITNESSES NOT ALWAYS THE CASE THAT THE PERSON WILL HAVE THIS ALREADY ESTABLISHED CONNECTION WITH THE PEOPLE WHO ARE INVITED TO PARTICIPATE AS OUTSIDER WITNESSES. AT TIMES THE OUTSIDER WITNESSES TO MY WORK WITH PEOPLE WHO CONSULT ME ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMA ARE DRAWN FROM A POOL OF VOLUNTEERS WHO HAVE INSIDER KNOWLEDGE OF TRAUMA AND ITS EFFECTS. OFTEN THESE VOLUNTEERS COME FROM A LIST OF NAMES OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE CONSULTED ME ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMA IN THEIR OWN LIVES, AND WHO HAVE BEEN ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT JOINING ME IN MY WORK WITH OTHERS WHO ARE FOLLOWING IN THEIR FOOTSTEPS3. AT OTHER TIMES THESE OUTSIDER WITNESS ARE DRAWN FROM MY OWN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL NETWORK, OR FROM PEOPLE OF THE PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES WHO ARE COLLEAGUES OR WHO ARE VISITING DULWICH CENTRE FOR TRAINING AND CONSULTATION establish advisory group to help guide me through the research process meet with group on regular basis what guidance would i be looking for? targeted desktop based analysis then field research, e.g. interviews to confirm/refulte/ problematise / add new findings what happens when you brign this to people with their history and capacity Gibson, C. (2006) Decolonizing the production of geographical knowledges? reflections on research with indigenous musicians. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 88:3, 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2006.00221.x Geografiska Annerler is a journal dispensing views on the physical environment’s community and cultural relationships. This article, provides a uniquely Australian Indigenous perspective on the collection of research within the modern idea of Aboriginality, and continues with the authenticity theme of previously mentioned publications. Gibson’s other contributions have centred around the politics of being and of class in Australian towns and appeals to the language and understanding of my situated Australianess. Research was supported by the University of Wollongong, an academic institution that shares the Gundungara land on which I live and I am interested as to whether that has influenced Gibson’s research. Ramanathan, S. A., Larkins, S., Carlisle, K., Turner, N., Bailie, R. S., Thompson, S., Bainbridge, R., Deeming, S., & Searles, A. (2021). What was the impact of a participatory research project in Australian Indigenous primary healthcare services? Applying a comprehensive framework for assessing translational health research to Lessons for the Best. BMJ Open, 11(2), e040749–e040749. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040749 In Australian Indigenous settings, lead researcher Ramanathan, has been involved in the integration of knowledge systems, child cultural safety, research impact and research translation. It is these last two elements that can highlight how to assess the impact of participatory research, specificially in the use of the process of Framework to Assess the Impact of Translational health research (FAIT). It is not necessarily the process itself that is the key, but that researchers are questioning the outcome of research, i.e. is it being translated into practice, particularly in an Australian Indigenous scope where much research has taken place with little effect on outcome. The British Medical Journal, is a peer reviewed journal focusing on medical research in therapeutic areas. https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-researchers-mean-by/grounded-theory to work collaboratively with them seeking understandings and insights of their experiences. Boeije, Hennie. (2002). #B00557 An ‘Indigenous women’s standpoint theory’ approach was adopted to frame discussion. This approach gives strength and power to the voice of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and their diverse cultural lived experiences. The raw and often brutal realities this approach exposed had a triggering impact on the Aboriginal team member for whom these realities were familiar. cull through PHDDD folder what is proper asymmetrical interviewer interviewee balise the style of question or data collection influences the output in an open conversational style, we are finding things out about each other we are accountable to finding out as much as we need to know that satisfies the other person that we fully know it is a relationship in a closed question style, we are finding answers to specific questions put here the homeless example in an open style, we ask more to find out about context in a closed style we apply the answer to our own context not just to see what may have been left out but what else was there, is there rescuing the said from the saying of it ... pdf in ethel four different types of yarning Qualitative information about adolescent reactions to and thoughts about narrative therapy was gathered and examined with phenomenological analysis. what is nvivo software methods how it happens how you do the work on the ground, pathway is this way methodology how you come to understand what you did, why it is important to do that way reflection on why you did what you did e.g. needed to respect those elders methodology is checked in on over the course of the thesis methodology western research: plan .. i need to have sample size of x, speak to them 6 times, when i analyse grounded theory, statistical methodology this is applied #nextRead involved in the design, implementation and ongoing evaluation and refinement of programs and projects #B00636 We can think about entering each family as an anthropologist looking to elicit family meaning rather than assigning professional meaning. This endeavor can be supported by entering with a stance of “not knowing” or cultural develop a cooperative relationship in which the family is an active participant organize our work with families around their hopes for the future and preferred ways of being in the present. this is a paragraph for canditure in methods, there should be a second underneath can you see the second one in methods #quote when collecting how did you account for how the data would eventually be analysed How do you plan to achieve your aims/objectives? Will you use standard methods or novel methods? What resources do you need? Will you have access to the data/evidence you need? How will team members know what is expected of them and what will be done by other members of the team? what does it mean to centre indigenous knowledges is it the same as privelaging indigenous voices be a part of the moka rest in this shelter it is sitting there but someone has to make it talk using nature as a metaphore i bring my GAKAL into every area using absent but implicit when connecting knowledge families as first teachers proper record of work safety plan reliable evidence of the time and date of info recorded managing and recording research there is a download research record .. secure lasting step by step account of work undertaken, findings and observations data management plan A plan which addresses how you will collect, organise, manage, store, secure, back up, preserve, and plan to share data arising from your project how to take qualitative field notes validation can the record be changed after it was signed without anyone knowing it had been changed document when the photocopy of scan was made applying an independent digital time stamp to a digital copy would probably be the most effective means of ensuring the validity of the research record information associated with a digital file can be altered by changing the date and time assigned to the files. recorded in a way that cannot be changed dating system used for the backup must be independent of your computer factors that influence what they record and what they record may not itself be valid. consider the context in which your data was collected and how the outcomes arising from it will be disseminated what research data should you store everything How should you store research data arising from a project you are leading? How long should you store research data for? difference between data and metadata Before finalising your research plan, check to make sure you have considered the following questions: Have you revisited your initial agreement to make sure nothing has changed? Are the team responsibilities and terms for assigning credit clearly defined? Is your plan complete enough to allow someone else to use it to undertake the same project? Have all your permissions been approved? who will rely on the plan and what informatin will they be looking for? List the types of institutional approval that could be required before beginning a research project, and describe the implications of not having approvals in place Explain the reasons for and types of agreements that should be in place before beginning a research project Illustrate some of the problems that could arise if a research project is not properly planned. bibli:: #B00014 List FROM #phdddmethods SORT file.link ASC #B00537 FOR US, AS SAMOAN PEOPLE, WHERE THERE IS A MATTER OF IMPORTANCE, AN ISSUE THAT TOUCHES THE WHOLE LIFE OF OUR PEOPLE, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WE DISCUSS IT NOT ONLY AS A COLLECTIVE – AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL – BUT ALSO THAT WE DISCUSS IT IN GENDERED COLLECTIVES – AS A GROUP OF WOMEN AND A GROUP OF MEN. BEGAN BY BUILDING A SENSE OF BELONGING AND STRENGTH TO DEAL WITH THE ISSUE OF VIOLENCE. WE THEN LOOKED AT THE DEFINITION OF VIOLENCE AND HOW IT IS LIVED OUT. WE SET ABOUT ESTABLISHING A COMMUNITY CONSENSUS ON WHAT IS VIOLENT AND WHAT IS NOT COMMUNITY CAME UP WITH THEIR OWN DEFINITIONS OF WHAT IS VIOLENT AND WHAT IS NOT. GREAT CARE WAS TAKEN IN THE WAYS IN WHICH WE DID THIS. WE CALLED THE EXERCISE ‘DRAWING THE LINE’ ==close textual analyses== ==narratological research== ==ethnography of communication #B00573 where Klapproth #B00573 UNDERLYING ANY TEXTUAL ANALYSIS THERE MUST BE A THEORY OF LANGUAGE The idea behind Hartley and Benington’s model is that data is being both transferred and jointly created through multiple perspectives and different interests rather than just different data situating themselves in the past qualitative study of Aboriginal Australians Qualitative research is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions and motivations that drive the health behaviours of individuals, families and communities These research methods can put researchers at particular risk of experiencing harm and distress and developing vicarious trauma. It is one thing to hear a participant’s story about abuse and trauma; but the thematic analysis and grouping of experiences of abuse and trauma requires researchers to revisit these stories repeatedly. In part, this sense-making process exposes researchers to experiencing helplessness and hopelessness. in-depth semistructured interviews with thematic analysis to explore the ??? experienced by indigi living ancestors of ??? of K Langloh Parker ??? hearing/reliving experiences of ancestors However, others have commented on the experiences of Indigenous researchers, and that their feelings of responsibility to community are likely to differ to those of non-Indigenous researchers.3,7-9 3. Fredericks B, Adams K, Angus S, and the Australian Women's Health Network Talking Circles. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women's Health Strategy. Melbourne: Australian Women's Health Network; 2010 [cited 2019 Dec 11]. Available from: eprints.qut.edu.au/32256/1/FINAL_National_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Women%27s_Strategy_May_2010.pdf 7. National Health and Medical Research Council. Keeping research on track II: a companion document to ethical conduct in research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities: guidelines for researchers and stakeholders. Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra; 2018 [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: n8p4t5m5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Keeping-research-on-track.pdf 8. Day A, Davey L, Wanganeen R, Casey S, Howells K, Nakata M. Symptoms of trauma, perceptions of discrimination, and anger: a comparison between Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous prisoners. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2008;23(2):245–58. CrossRef | PubMed 9. Laycock A, Walker D, Harrison N, Brands J. Supporting Indigenous researchers: a practical guide for supervisors. Yule J, editor. Darwin: Aboriginal Health, Darwin; 2009 [cited 2019 Dec 11]. Available from: www.lowitja.org.au/content/Document/Lowitja-Publishing/supervisors_guide1_0.pdf Analysis of the interviews, and reflection regarding the researcher’s experiences, occurred within the context of a multidisciplinary team Interpretive phenomenology analysis is the theoretical approach used for this study because it allows the researchers to explore and understand the lived experiences of participants At each health service, in the early stages of building relationships with individuals and the community, AE invited possible participants to an information session where she presented the proposed study. She explained why we (the researchers) thought that women’s roles and responsibilities might affect how women managed their health, and that we anticipated this study would provide some understanding and clarity around this issue Indigenous standpoint theory relies on the primacy of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voices This is important when considering an epistemological (our way of knowing), ontological (our way of being), and axiological (our way of doing) stance consistent with moving towards an Indigenous standpoint interpretive phenomenology analysis more than just opinion write a bit confirmation of canditure and ethics application what practically i need to do check link Bennett, B. (Ed.). (2021). Aboriginal fields of practice. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. what social contexts are operating how does feminist standpoint theory differ from indigenous standpoint theory WESTERN BINARY SHAPED THROUGH CONTACT WITH WESTERN COLONIAL SOCITIES #B00014 Participatory Action Research (PAR) was the primary methodology used to elicit and analyze the reflections of also see Nelson, J.; Ryan, K.; Rotumah, D.; Bennett-Levy, J.; Budden, W.; Stirling, J.; et al. (2014) Aboriginal practitioners offer culturally safe and responsive CBT: Response to commentaries. Australian Psychologist, 49, 22–27. also see Bennett-Levy, J.; Nelson, J.; Stirling, J.; Ryan, K.; Rotumah, D.; Budden, W.; et al. (2014) Can CBT be effective for Aboriginal Australians? Perspectives of Aboriginal practitioners trained in CBT. Australian Psychologist, 49, 1–7. #B00014 qualitative analysis Supervision professionally personally self care - access to communities of practice what is structured approach to supervision #B00014 The Aboriginal community is not governed by location or the proximity of people who belong to it. Rather, it is a network of family and social relationships that are not severed by time, distance, or incident. key contributors Who will be working on the project? Are they participating as team members or collaborators? What experience do they have? Have they been properly trained? Who will supervise them? budget What will it cost to complete your project? Could you do part of the research if full funding is not available? Are all of the expenses justifiable? FUNDING is this research relevant to our aims how important is this work are the methods appropriate does the researcher have the team and tools needed My research methods rely on participants understanding the Yuwaalaraay language and how it is put together. I have formally studied as far as one formally can in Yuwaalaraay, Certificates 1, 2 and 3 at NSW Tafe and informally with Gomeloeiroi Elders, in person and online communities. Field work, for myself and participants, requires a working use of the Yuwaalaraay language, i.e. not only a knowledge of pronounciation or word recognition but how the language is put together. This knowledge will inform our ??? in yarning about translations of our Ancestors. Apart from informal home knowledge, I have completed all three levels of Yuwaalaraay at NSW Tafe and host the language space Dhubaanma-li on Facebook and Marco Polo. the texts and the timeline x x Peyman Abkhezr WE EXPLORE LIVED EXPERIENCE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH, PARTICIPANTS TELL US ABOUT SOME ASPECTS OF THEIR LIFE IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY MAY HAVE NEVER TOLD SOMEONE BEFORE data management Who owns the data/information you are collecting? How will you collect and manage the data/information you collect? How will you store the data/information you collect? Authorship agreements. Who will be listed as the author(s) on any papers stemming from this project? Authorship agreements, discussed and signed by everyone working on a project or circulated to and agreed by all team members via email following a discussion, establish: Criteria for assigning authorship The order in which authors will be listed How new members of a team will be included What happens when a member of a team leaves How disagreements will be resolved. Data sharing and ownership agreements. How will information be shared and with whom? Who ultimately owns the information collected? Data/information is the currency of research. It has value and sharing information can involve expenses. What do you need to know to protect and properly benefit from your data/information? For some research, formal data sharing agreements brokered by your institution are required. Even if they are not required, it is still a good idea to confirm your understandings of ownership, sharing and use, including: Who owns the data Where the data may be stored How the data can be used How the source of the data should be recognised/cited Whether you expect any compensation for making the data available. Apart from the data collected, the ideas generated for your project and the conclusions you reached also have value. What do you need to know to protect the intellectual property generated by your project (e.g. patents and copyrights)? If your research does not require formal data sharing provisions, it is still a good idea to confirm your understandings, including: Who owns the intellectual property Under what conditions it can be used or published Who is responsible for pursuing and tracking intellectual property agreements creating a research record template must be able to document what you did and when you did it, preferably at the time you did it. when collecting how did you account for how the data would eventually be analysed How do you plan to achieve your aims/objectives? Will you use standard methods or novel methods? What resources do you need? Will you have access to the data/evidence you need? How will team members know what is expected of them and what will be done by other members of the team? what does it mean to centre indigenous knowledges is it the same as privelaging indigenous voices be a part of the moka rest in this shelter it is sitting there but someone has to make it talk using nature as a metaphore i bring my GAKAL into every area using absent but implicit when connecting knowledge families as first teachers proper record of work safety plan reliable evidence of the time and date of info recorded managing and recording research there is a download research record .. secure lasting step by step account of work undertaken, findings and observations data management plan A plan which addresses how you will collect, organise, manage, store, secure, back up, preserve, and plan to share data arising from your project how to take qualitative field notes validation can the record be changed after it was signed without anyone knowing it had been changed document when the photocopy of scan was made applying an independent digital time stamp to a digital copy would probably be the most effective means of ensuring the validity of the research record information associated with a digital file can be altered by changing the date and time assigned to the files. recorded in a way that cannot be changed dating system used for the backup must be independent of your computer factors that influence what they record and what they record may not itself be valid. consider the context in which your data was collected and how the outcomes arising from it will be disseminated what research data should you store everything How should you store research data arising from a project you are leading? How long should you store research data for? difference between data and metadata Before finalising your research plan, check to make sure you have considered the following questions: Have you revisited your initial agreement to make sure nothing has changed? Are the team responsibilities and terms for assigning credit clearly defined? Is your plan complete enough to allow someone else to use it to undertake the same project? Have all your permissions been approved? who will rely on the plan and what informatin will they be looking for? List the types of institutional approval that could be required before beginning a research project, and describe the implications of not having approvals in place Explain the reasons for and types of agreements that should be in place before beginning a research project Illustrate some of the problems that could arise if a research project is not properly planned. BARRIYAY 8 x I developed a functional framework to assist in the expansion of the Yuwaalaraay texts - - working with their part of the story, how they see their experience of identity - sharing true stories - taking seriously the stories - getting torn as researcher or therapist or traditional owner • My positionality was challenged but as a collaborator in participatory research, it is not my positionality that is important. Knowing if I’m limiting myself is critical - what am i carrying with me and am not aware of - other people put you in boxes before you even enter the room - bias and error .. the easiest path - produces a certain reality - not only reclaim but perform the new knowledge #B00015 * speaking ourselves into existence ... into who we are becoming #B00100 * YARNING Initial Co-Design one-on-one telephone yarns will provide an introduction to the purpose of the study and an outline of the delivery idea so far. As many check ins as needed will take place to ensure Investigator needs are met. It is integral to the study that Investigators know that they are part of a co-investigative relationship with people of today about people of yesterday. A sample dissection from the book (Langloh Parker, 1905) will be shared to demonstrate the Barriyay method and an updated delivery and design discussed where necessary. Partipants will meet in person geographically, as separate groups for an initial group yarn. I will check in, on the phone for up to 30 minutes, with each Investigator to ensure their understanding and comfort, and words and feelings were truly reflected as they intended following the yarn. This step may take a few phone calls until the person is happy with the record. Each subsequent yarn will follow the same yarn/followup pattern. Mid-Collaborations will include up to four focus groups over a three month period. The auto-ethnographic approach to the Yarns will begin with Investigators sharing life stories of their Ancestor and move to co-research using the Barriyay method. The last yarn will be reflective in that it encompasses debriefing and an invitation to contribute to a collective document in recognition of the original Euhalari Investigators. There will also be semi-structured interviews for each Investigator, using open and closed questions and self rating scales to provide feedback on the process. A subsequent and final call will be made one month after the study to check in. - Yarning with a purpose .. free flowing, two way sharing, guided with purpose - using people's own words as a scaffold (repeating back what has recently been spoken, and drawing out key ideas from it, to scaffold next part of conversation rather than asking direct questions - sharing a story first from another person / place to spark a conversation (rather than starting with questions - use of social media posts / conversations - use of imagery - use of documents, metaphoric explorations, creating something together (artwork, song) - working out what questions you together might ask others who are going through the same experience - Tell our story in ways that make us stronger +shameQ • injustice and harm occurred but we are still living with the consequences • When people present for counselling, a problem story has often convinced them of negative ideas about their identity • This problem story might be influenced by ideas of Western normality that lead our people to feel bad about themselves • behind this is a strong story of the ways people have stood up to the problem • sharing stories of resilience and survival to serve as source of strength • retaining spirituality and culture in resistance to colonisation • connect individual stories to collective stories to sustain us through problem times • defining wellbeing in our own way Yarning with a purpose • free flowing, two way sharing, guided with purpose • draw on our knowledges to change the impact that problems have on our lives • Shame can stop people from fulfilling their hopes and dreams and prevent them from engaging in everyday aspects of their lives, including accessing services • Questions about Shame shape it as a political and societal construct. Therefore, when individuals or collectives stand up to shame, this is an act of resistance. • narrative conversations can be political actions in which the intent is to decolonise identity stories • options for Aboriginal people to shape their identities from their own worldview, outside of the dominant structures of ‘normality’. #B00118 - THIS RESEARCH AROSE FROM THE INDIGENOUS WOMEN THEMSELVES - YARNING IS A CONVERSATIONAL PROCESS THAT INVOLVES THE SHARING OF STORIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE - THIS PROJECT FOUND THAT YARNING AS A RESEARCH METHOD IS APPROPRIATE FOR COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH WITH INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIAN WOMEN when a farmer gathers knowledge, they feel the earth between their fingertips, they investigate the colour of the vine, they recall weather patterns and expected seasons to determine the best time to lay seed. their knowledge is an accumulated wisdom, gathered from ancestors, foiled plans, hunches, abundant crops and drought stricken ???. It is a never ending knowing. Not in that one person could never know all there is to know about farming, but that farming could never be a finite knowledge. There is simply too much change occurring at one time in the world for any one person to keep up. The most any farming expert could hope for is to know how to sow, reep and replenish a land in a finite amount of time. It is an accepted part of the wisdom accumulation that farmland passed from generation to generation requires adaptation to survive. when an academic gathers knowledge, decolonisation is not to remove what has happened or return to a previous time, that can't be done. it is to return our knowledge to the mix, to have us make the decisions about if and how we would have integrated the new knowledge into our lives. If we claim our knowing is the only then we are colonising, we are no better. we may as well plant another flag with Barriyay, we are returning to the moment when the knowledge became available and re-determining how, when, why, who, where it will be disseminated amongst us here is a rock, it replaces those rocks, those rocks are now of no value here is a rock, it may add value to those rocks so it is not in the knowledge itself, but in the distribution of the knowledge making power placing the rocks on a riverflow re-placing the rocks on a riverflow accumulated knowing “taking apart” (deconstructing) the beliefs, ideas, and practices of the broader culture in which a person lives that are serving to assist the problem and the problem story What power relations are being promoted? x x x It is important to clarify here that Narrative Practice does not seek rights or wrongs but pulls into view and frames the various elements, • something previously hidden or unclear or uncertain and that a safe journey can start as the Client explores that something in a place removed from themselves breaking down preconceptions, it could be that those preconceptions are true but in narrative practice, we are looking for the evidence to support or not support it • When we are externalising, the Client is making choices that resonate with them and I am not a Practitioner or a Professional but an Ally in the construction the ways in which narrative collective practices can be used working with their part of the story, how they see their experience seeing what they want to tell you make it more visible and keep it on the surface MIGRATION OF IDENTITY previous IDENTITY IMPOSED by various influences, discourses PLACE THEIR DISTRESS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF PROGRESS ==do you want to use this technique== MARK WHERE THEY THINK THEY MIGHT BE IN THEIR JOURNEY locating our present position of what we anticipate will be our migration of identity .. by knowing more knowledge ![[Pasted image 20240313182934.png]] migration of identity google search ... a lot of david epston comes up #B00031 absent but implicit WE REVIEW AS A FOUNDATION FOR APPRECIATING THIS PARTICULAR PRACTICE THE WAYS IN WHICH NARRATIVE PRACTICES SUPPORTS AN EXPLORATION OF THE ACCOUNTS OF LIFE THAT LIE ‘‘OUTSIDE OF’’ THE PROBLEM STORY OFFER FURTHER POSSIBILITIES FOR BRINGING FORWARD THESE OFTEN NEGLECTED TERRITORIES OF LIFE. 800 DISCUSSION expected research contribution widen the application to more Euhalari texts and/or more Euhalari individuals to better understand any pattern of Indigenous interpretation and to improve the research design improve / adapt the technique to apply to empirical research studies compare results to those collected using Common Content Analysis Discourse 999 - present as by themes that have emerged, or - by different research methods that have allowed you to understand and analyse topic - exemplifying an instance of indigenous research by and for indigenous people, towards re-membering knowledge practices which maintain and nurture indigenous language, sovereignty and elder authority. - let the research speak to you - your argument should be a process of discovery bibli:: #B00558 - when responding to yarning cues, participants disclosed stories of - The analysis focuses on the detail of the process of narrative conflict coaching more than on the final outcomes - can the approach be generalised - - understand the requirements of your discipline when selecting and analysing data - selection is being used to cover up contradictory information or strengthen the significance of the results ([_p_-hacking](https://courses.epigeum.com/materials/platform/316/course_files/html/dap_1_20.html#)) - - SELECTION The process of reviewing raw data and deciding which information should be used in or excluded from the interpretive process that follows - Are there times when information should be excluded from interpretation? - The conclusions you draw from your research must be reliable and should be based on an unbiased data selection, appropriate analysis and truthful representation of the findings. - - EXPECTED OUTCOMES - What are your anticipated findings or outcomes? - How will you know your findings are valid? - Do you anticipate any problems or shortcomings? - Are publications an expected outcome? - - what i'm going to collect - why i want to collect it - transparency .. what are my interests here - Yuwaalaraay woman - recognitiion ... how does this affect my people or is of particular significance to them - what i'm going to do with that information - plan - conduct - offering woolies cards? - interpret - publish - what CDU might do with that information - who else now or in the future might have access to the information and what can they do with it - reliability and usefulness of research - local laws, customs and protocols - methods appropriate to aims of the research - conclusions justified by results - cdu policies - are there research integrity advisors for indigi - thinking about possible problems before they happen - Conducting a thorough literature review on the research topic to inform the research plan - how to ensure that the research outcomes can be relied upon - accurately credit very specific technical expertise of elders - what is self plagurism - ensure all info from others is in capitals - have a research plan - always record decisions etc and follow up with emails, update research plan as needed - LET THE RESEARCH SPEAK TO YOU. THE ARGUMENT YOU CONSTRUCT SHOULD NOT BE A FOREGONE CONCLUSION BUT RATHER A PROCESS OF DISCOVERY. ABANDON ALL PRECONCEIVED NOTIONS AND ENSURE YOU ARE FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO LET THE RESEARCH SWAY YOUR ARGUMENT. YOUR ARGUMENT SHOULD NOT BE MOULDED TO FIT AROUND THE RESEARCH - did i learn anything interesting and reportable - trends, patterns or other evidence that answers question # what is thematic analysis # what is framework analysis 1. **Method:** Use appropriate analytical methods, particularly if statistical analysis is required 2. **Significance:** Assess the significance of your findings 3. **Alternatives:** Consider other explanations. Unfortunately, the search for understanding sometimes opens the door to personal bias and influence. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, researchers use analysis to confirm (subjective) rather than test (objective) their research hypotheses. Such practices are, at best, irresponsible, and they can fall into the category of research misconduct. become irresponsible when the analysis is driven primarily by the desire to achieve certain results or enhance significance, rather than a duty to present the actual findings. - Carefully and fully explain to others your analysis and interpretation process - Let others know if there are reasons to question your findings You should spend time reviewing how research is presented in your field of study, choosing examples that both model what you _should_ do and clarify what you _should not_ do. present to clarify findings not sell them, no words/graphics to exaggerate findings The researcher should write the report using words and concepts the committee, which is formed of people from outside the author's professional area, will understand - Does the information accurately report what you found? - Has all relevant information been included, not just the information you want others to know about? - Will an average reader come away with an accurate understanding of the information? - Is what I have written or presented true? - Will my readers be able to understand what I have written or presented? - Have I included all the essential observations, hypotheses and proofs? 900 CONCLUSION 10 x If you are in doubt about what to conclude, you should be careful to avoid being guided by your personal beliefs and convictions. Findings should be guided by evidence, not personal beliefs. You can certainly present your personal beliefs, but you should label them as such so readers can make up their own minds about what to conclude. x 999 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 x SPARE 1. Conduct preliminary checks to ensure you are ready to begin Has everyone on the project completed the required training? Are all the approvals and permissions required resolved? Do you have a data management plan? If required, is your safety plan in place? Has the necessary equipment been purchased (or accessed) and calibrated? Are the research funds available for salaries, equipment and travel? Are the necessary materials available? Has travel been arranged? Are colleagues and staff fully informed? 2. Carefully follow your research plan Did you use the methods and materials you said you would? Have you followed your proposed schedule? Are you ensuring participant consent forms are collected and stored as required? Are you carefully following approved protocols if you are conducting research with humans or animals? Did you collect and store data/information in the way you said you would? Have you double checked all the entries and recorded information to make sure they are correct? If you have team members assisting you, do they know and understand how to fulfil their responsibilities? 3. Properly handle any changes required to your research plan Have you secured permission for changes when required (i.e. changing an approved consent form for human subjects research or altering procedures when working with animals)? Have you carefully documented any new procedures or methods? Have you documented your reasons for making changes? Have you informed your supervisor or team members of any changes made? 4. Make sure all loose ends are tied up Have you submitted the required reports? Have you properly stored or disposed of unused chemicals/reagents? Do you have a publication plan, including a plan for authorship, to ensure your project outcomes are properly disseminated? Have you communicated research outcomes to participants or other stakeholders if required by your protocols or research agreements? Have you filed any copyright or acknowledgement agreements you have signed? Have you properly stored and protected your research record in a way that 1) means it can be used to verify your research outcomes and 2) is in accordance with your data management plan?
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